Bank of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay

In the last decades of the 19th century, different social groups such as small merchants and public employees, who, in the framework of the Baring Crisis, demanded access to bank credit, so as not to resort to usury private banks and various lenders. In the Agricultural Livestock Congress of 1895, the creation of a financial institution had been called for to provide agricultural credit, and to adapt the terms and conditions required for rural production. The creation of the Bank was proposed by then Minister of Finance Federico Vidiella, was widely discussed in Parliament and in the local press, and on August 4, 1896, the law containing the thirty-four bases of the Organic Charter was promulgated. On August 24, 1896, the bank's first board of directors was installed, and on October 22 it formally opened its doors, with 54 employees. The first deposit account was made by President Juan Idiarte Borda.

The Organic Charter granted the bank the power to issue banknotes —from 1907 it had a monopoly on it—. Over time, it developed a wide variety of activities, such as a commercial and specialized credit bank, a state bank and, gradually, the Uruguayan monetary authority.

After the 1929 crisis, the Banco de la República became the key piece of economic policy. In the 1930s, the bank was restructured and divided into a Banking Department and a Currency Management and Money Supply Department. In 1941, the Board of Directors resolved to create the Department of Economic Research, thus perfecting the Bank's advisory role to government bodies.

Due to the banking crisis that took place in the 1960s, the department in charge of currency management and money supply was separated from the institution and turned into a new entity, the Central Bank of Uruguay, created with the Constitution of 1967.