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International Association for Professional Base Ball Players

North American baseball league (1877-1880)

The International Association of Professional Base Ball Players, commonly known as the International Association (IA), was a Canadian-American professional baseball league that operated from 1877 to 1880. For its last two years, it was renamed the National Association (NA), having lost all of its Canadian teams. While generally viewed as inferior to its main rival, the National League, some baseball historians consider the International Association to be a major league.2 Wikipedia text CC BY-SA 4.0

Last updated Oct 21, 2026.

Overview

The International Association of Professional Base Ball Players, commonly known as the International Association (IA), was a Canadian-American professional baseball league that operated from 1877 to 1880. For its last two years, it was renamed the National Association (NA), having lost all of its Canadian teams. While generally viewed as inferior to its main rival, the National League, some baseball historians consider the International Association to be a major league.2

The story

International Association of 1877–1878

The Association's by-laws and constitution required member teams to pay $10 to join the league (plus an additional $15 to compete for the championship) and fan admission was set at 25 cents. Visiting teams were guaranteed $75, plus half of the gate receipts when they exceeded that amount ($75).

Pitcher Candy Cummings was the first president of the International Association, while also a player for the Lynn Live Oaks of Massachusetts in 1877.

Jimmy Williams of Columbus served as the league's first Secretary.

1877 season

In 1877, the International Association featured teams based in:

London, Ontario, Canada (London Tecumsehs)

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Pittsburgh Allegheny)

Rochester, New York (The Rochesters)

Manchester, New Hampshire (The Manchesters)

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Columbus, Ohio (Columbus Buckeyes)

Guelph, Ontario, Canada (Guelph Maple Leafs)

Lynn, Massachusetts (Lynn Live Oaks)

Final standings

Final standings of the 1877 season:

London Tecumsehs 14-4-2*

Pittsburgh Allegheny 13-6-0

Rochester (The Rochesters), NY 10-8-0

Manchester (The Manchesters), NH 9-10-0

Columbus Buckeyes 9-11-2

Guelph Maple Leafs 4-12-0

Lynn (Massachusetts) Live Oaks 1-9-0 * disbanded

Fred Goldsmith, London's star pitcher, had a 14–4 record in 193 innings pitched with three shutouts, during International Association play in 1877.

1878 season

In 1878, the league lost two teams, Guelph and Columbus; however, it added the Binghamton Crickets, Hornellsville Hornells, Lowell Lowells and Syracuse Stars. The cities of Buffalo, New York, Hartford, Connecticut, New Bedford, Massachusetts, New Haven, Connecticut, Springfield, Massachusetts and Worcester, Massachusetts also had representatives.

Bud Fowler, the first African-American player in organized baseball, pitched for the Lynn club in 1878.

Buffalo was awarded the pennant at the league's winter meetings, after resolving a controversy where the second-place Syracuse club claimed a win by forfeit that would have tied them for the league lead. The win was vacated, but the convention voted to give third-place Utica the pennant instead, citing Syracuse and Buffalo leaving the IA for the National League. They reversed their decision the next day, leaving Buffalo with the pennant.

Transformation and hiatus

The Buffalo Bisons, winners of the 1878 pennant, and the Syracuse Stars seriously hurt the International Association when they joined the rival National League for the 1879 season. At the same time, the London Tecumsehs dropped out of the league, causing it to be renamed the National Base Ball Association entering the 1879 season. Under that name, it played through the 1880 season before dissolving. Newspapers of the era referred to it more succinctly as the National Contest or National Championship, not to be confused with the National League, which was known simply as the League.

1879

Teams from nine cities competed during the 1879 season: Teams of this era were commonly referred to simply by their city, such as "the Holyokes" or "the Worcesters".

Albany, New York (known as the "Blue Stockings")

Holyoke, Massachusetts

Manchester, New Hampshire

New Bedford, Massachusetts

Rochester, New York (known as the "Hop Bitters")

Springfield, Massachusetts

Utica, New York (known as the "Pent Ups")

Washington, D.C. (known as the "Nationals")

Worcester, Massachusetts (known as the "Grays")

Standings published in early October 1879, with the season "regarded as virtually closed", were:

After the season, Worcester left the IA to join the National League.

1880

Teams from four cities competed during the 1880 season:

Albany, New York

Baltimore, Maryland

Rochester, New York (known as the "Hop Bitters")

Washington, D.C. (known as the "Nationals")

The season began on May 1, with Albany and Washington playing to a 4–4 draw in 11 innings in Albany. Rochester did not join the association until June. By early August, Baltimore had dropped out, with records of contests played between the remaining three teams published as:

Games were played as late as the first week in September, with Washington defeating Rochester, 4–2, in a game played in Baltimore on September 2.

From Wikipedia’s article on International Association of Professional Base Ball Players, shared under CC BY-SA 4.0.3