Mersey Docks and Harbour Company

Liverpool Common Council's Dock Committee was the original port authority. In 1709, it had been authorised by the Liverpool Docks Act 1709 (8 Ann. c. 8) to construct Liverpool's first enclosed ship basin, the Old Dock, which was the world's first commercial wet dock. Section 5 of the act made the Liverpool Corporation trustees of the docks.

The old Dock Committee was replaced by a separate legal body, the Liverpool Dock Trustees (formally, the Trustees of the Liverpool Docks) by the Liverpool Port and Town Improvement Act 1811 (51 Geo. 3. c. cxliii). The trustees themselves continued to be a committee of the Liverpool Common Council.

In order to provide stone for the construction of the expanded dock system, from 1830 the trustees (and later the MDHB) operated large quarries at Creetown, Scotland.

The Mersey Docks and Harbour Board was created by the Mersey Docks and Harbour Act 1857 (20 & 21 Vict. c. clxii). It took over running of Liverpool's docks from the trustees in 1858, and also took over the Birkenhead docks on the other side of the Mersey, which had become insolvent in 1847, and had been acquired by Liverpool Corporation. The need for Liverpool Corporation to divest its dock interests to a new public body was as a result of pressure from Parliament, dock merchants and some rival port operators. The new board was controlled by dock users rather than local politicians.

At one point the MDHB railway totalled 104 miles (166 km) of line, with connections to many other railways. A section of the line ran, unsegregated from other road traffic, along the dock road. Today only the Canada Dock Branch is used.

A law case arose in 1946 regarding agency law, when the board hired out a crane and driver to be used by another business, Coggins and Griffiths (Liverpool) Ltd. During operation of the crane, someone was injured. The contract for the crane hire stated that the driver "would be the servant of the hirers", but the House of Lords ruled in Mersey Docks and Harbour Board v Coggins & Griffith (Liverpool) Ltd [1946] UKHL 1 that this provision did not give the hirers control of how the driver undertook his work, and therefore the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board remained vicariously liable for the driver's negligent actions.

In 1972, the MDHB was reconstituted as a company, the Mersey Docks and Harbour Company, to allow it to raise money for new building initiatives and projects, including the new container dock at Seaforth. Four lightvessels in the approaches to the River Mersey were maintained by the MDHB until 1973.

In 1993 MDHC bought Medway Ports for £104 million, just 18 months after Medway Ports was privatised through a £37 million management buyout in 1992.

Cammell Laird Dock is a dock at Birkenhead, on the Wirral Peninsula. It exits directly onto the River Mersey.

The dock was built as part of an expansion of the Cammell Laird shipyard at the turn of the 20th century by enclosing what was once Tranmere Pool.

Following the closure of the original Cammell Laird shipyard in 1993, the dock and the four remaining dry docks at the site are owned by the MDHC. All were subsequently leased, firstly to the A&P Group and then to Northwestern Shiprepairers & Shipbuilders, which officially renamed itself Cammell Laird Shiprepairers and Shipbuilders Ltd on 17 November 2008.