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The story
Founding
The origins of the National University of Mongolia date to the ruling party's 10th Congress, held from March to April 1940. According to the resolution passed on 5 April, there was a provision to "prepare for the establishment of an institution of higher learning", which would lay the groundwork for the NUM. As this resolution was one of the first that involved the participation of future leader Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, a case has been made that the NUM's first proponent was the future leader.
The university was established on October 5, 1942, as the first modern university in Mongolia. The faculties were initially Pedagogy, Medicine, and Veterinary Sciences. Part of its operation were supported by staff and materials provided by the Soviet Union, so much of the instruction was conducted in Russian.
93 students were selected for a preparatory course according to their knowledge of Russian, with 57 graduating from the course to enrol in the university. This initial course was mostly taught by teachers from the Soviet secondary school in Ulaanbaatar. In addition to these graduates, some teachers with Russian language skills were selected, with the first enrolment consisting of a total of 93 students. Among Mongolians, those with sufficient Russian language skills were mostly of the Buryat ethnic group, many of which were the children of those purged in the 1930s. 70-90 percent of these first students were Buryats, while a sizeable minority were USSR citizens.
Socialist period
In 1943, the Faculty of Zootechnics was established at the National University of Mongolia.
The university held its first graduation ceremony in 1946, celebrating the achievements of 35 graduates.
Throughout the 1940s and 1950s, several faculties were formed to expand the academic offerings of the university. In 1947, the Faculty of Social Sciences was established, encompassing departments of history and economics. In 1949, the faculties of Veterinary Sciences and Zootechnics merged to create the Faculty of Agriculture. Additionally, the Faculties of Chemistry and Biology were established in 1951. That same year, the Faculty of Pedagogy became a separate Pedagogical Institute, now known as the Mongolian State University of Education. The university also introduced foreign language programs in 1956 and programs for performing arts in 1957.
As the university continued to grow, the Faculty of Agriculture became an independent institution called the Mongolian State University of Agriculture in 1958.
In the 1960s, the university expanded its academic disciplines further. Legal studies were introduced in 1960, followed by programs in Geology and Mechanical Engineering in 1961. The Faculty of Medicine also became a separate entity now known as the Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences in the same year.
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The university added programs in Meteorology, Construction, and Energy Engineering in 1962. Additionally, the Nuclear Research Center was established in 1965, in collaboration with the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, USSR.
In 1969, the Polytechnical Institute was established as part of the National University of Mongolia, incorporating faculties of Civil Engineering, Power Engineering, Geology and Mining, Mechanical Engineering, and Engineering Economics. Eventually, this institute evolved into a separate institution in 1982, known as the Mongolian University of Science and Technology.
In 1979, the Russian language institute was founded at the university, and later in 1982, it became a separate institute, eventually transforming into the present-day University of the Humanities.
Modern era
The National University of Mongolia played a significant role in the Mongolian Revolution of 1990, serving as a gathering place for various secret groups advocating for democracy.
In 1994, 13 students were awarded master's degrees. Recognizing the importance of advanced studies, the Department of Postgraduate Affairs was established in 1997 to facilitate the growth of postgraduate programs.
In 1997, the Mathematical Institute was merged into the National University of Mongolia, enriching the university's academic offerings.
To ensure effective governance, a governing board was established in 1999, providing strategic direction and oversight for the university's operations.
In 2004, the Khovd branch of the National University of Mongolia became an independent institution known as Khovd University, allowing for more focused academic development in the region.
Restructurings
In 2010, Ulaanbaatar University and the Institute of Commerce and Business were merged into the National University of Mongolia, aiming to strengthen academic collaboration and interdisciplinary studies. However, both institutions later regained their independence, with Ulaanbaatar University becoming the Ulaanbaatar State University in 2015, and the Institute of Commerce and Business establishing itself as the University of Commerce and Business in 2017.
Starting from 2014, a comprehensive restructuring process was initiated at the National University of Mongolia. As a result, the university now operates with five main faculties, each specializing in distinct academic disciplines. These faculties are the Faculty of Business, the Faculty of International Relations and Public Administration, the Faculty of Law, the Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and the Faculty of Sciences.
From Wikipedia’s article on National University of Mongolia, shared under CC BY-SA 4.0.4