The story
In 1995, Saint-Étienne Métropole was created as a communauté de communes, consisting of 22 communes. This was converted into a communauté d'agglomération in 2001, expanded to 43 communes in 2003 and to 45 communes in 2013. The communauté d'agglomération was converted to a communauté urbaine in January 2016. It was expanded to 53 communes in January 2017. The communauté urbaine was converted to a métropole in January 2018.
From Wikipedia’s article on Saint-Étienne Métropole, shared under CC BY-SA 4.0.5