Fritz ter Meer

Fritz ter Meer was the son of Edmund ter Meer (1852–1931), who founded the chemical company Teerfarbenfabrik Dr. E. ter Meer & Cie in Uerdingen, which in 1925 became part of IG Farben. His family tree can be traced back to the 15th Century.

After completing his schooling in 1903, ter Meer studied chemistry and law in France and Germany until 1908. His thesis on the ether Isonitrosoketonen won him a doctorate in Berlin in 1909. He went on to study dye chemistry in Krefeld, France and England.

Thereafter, he worked in the family-owned company Dr. E. ter Meer & Co., where he held senior positions and in 1919 became a member of the Board. After the merger he worked for IG Farben until 1945. Meer was responsible for running negotiations between IG Farben and Standard Oil.

From 1925 to 1945 Fritz ter Meer was on the board of IG Farben AG. He was also from 1932 a member of the Working Committee and the Technical Committee, Head of Division II in the War Ministry and the defense industry.

Nazi support during World War II

In May 1937, he joined the Nazi Party. On 7 September 1939 he and Henry agreed with the Army Ordnance Hörlein the production of the gas Tabun, an extremely toxic nerve agent. More than 100 prisoners of war were used during construction of the designated poison gas factory in Dyhernfurth.

He was involved in the planning of Monowitz concentration camp, a satellite camp of Auschwitz concentration camp, and was responsible for helping build the IG Farben Buna Werke factory at Auschwitz, which conducted human experiments and held some 25,000 slave labourers under deplorable conditions. [1]

In September 1943 he became General Agent for Italy, the Reich Minister for armaments and war production. The same year, he received the Knight's Cross of War Merit Cross.

War crimes trial

Fritz Ter Meer was incarcerated at Kransberg Castle in July 1945, under Operation Dustbin.

In 1945 the US began investigating the IG Farben for potential war crime violations, and US attorneys began questioning Farben executives. In 1946 Meer began writing company memos that tried to hide IG Farben's service to the Nazi Party and Hitler. On May 3, 1947, Meer along with 23 other board members and executives of IG Farben were charged with five counts of war crimes by US attorneys at the Nuremberg Military Tribunals:

Planning, preparation, initiation, and waging of wars of aggression and invasions of other countries

Plunder and spoliation

Slavery and mass murder

Membership in the SS

Common plan or conspiracy

On 27 August 1947, the IG Farben Trial began. The trial lasted 152 days, ending on 28 May 1948. On 29 July 1948 the verdict was announced. On counts 1 and 5, specifically relating to the waging of wars, the defendants were found not guilty; while the court found the defendants had worked to assist the Nazi Party there was no evidence the executives were directly advising Hitler. However, on the rest of the counts (mass murder/enslavement, plunder, SS membership), Meer — along with other executives — was found guilty as charged. He was sentenced to seven years imprisonment. The court, in part of its findings regarding Meer wrote:

"The inference is strong that Farben officials subordinate to Ter Meer took the initiative in securing the services of these inmates at the plant site. This inference is further supported by the fact that Farben at its own expense and with funds appropriated by the TEA [Technical Committee], of which Ter Meer was chairman, built Camp Monowitz for the specific purpose of housing its concentration-camp workers. We are convinced beyond a reasonable doubt that the officials in charge of Farben construction went beyond the necessity created by the pressure of government officials and may be justly charged with taking the initiative in planning for and availing themselves of the use of concentration-camp labor. Of these officials Ter Meer had greatest authority."