
George Hotz
American software engineer
George Francis Hotz (born October 2, 1989), known online by geohot, is an American security hacker, entrepreneur, and software engineer. He is known for developing iOS jailbreaks, reverse engineering the PlayStation 3, and for the subsequent lawsuit brought against him by Sony.2
From Wikipedia’s article on George Hotz (this version), CC BY-SA 4.0.
Born Oct 2, 1989.1
About
From September 2015 until November 2025, he worked on his vehicle automation machine learning company comma.ai. Since November 2022, Hotz has been working on tinygrad, a deep learning framework.
From Wikipedia’s article on George Hotz, shared under CC BY-SA 4.0.2
Companies
Early life and education
- Date not recordedJohns Hopkins Center for Talented Youth3
Hotz attended the Academy for Engineering and Design Technology at the Bergen County Academies, a magnet public high school in Hackensack, New Jersey. Hotz is an alumnus of the Johns Hopkins Center for Talented Youth program. Hotz also briefly attended Rochester Institute of Technology and Carnegie Mellon University.
From Wikipedia’s article on George Hotz (this version), CC BY-SA 4.0.
Career
Occupation: programmer, computer scientist, blogger, photographer.6
Hotz made a meaningful side income from public donations solicited for his security exploits.
Hotz worked at Facebook between May 2011 and January 2012.
On July 16, 2014, Google hired Hotz to work with the Project Zero team where he developed Qira for dynamically analysing application binaries.
Hotz was employed at the startup Vicarious from January until July 2015.
In 2022, shortly after the acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk, Hotz announced that he had joined the company for a 12-week internship, with the task of fixing Twitter search as well as removing the pop up log-in screen displayed to users scrolling without being logged in to an account. On December 20, after less than 5 weeks at the role, he resigned, stating “appreciate the opportunity, but didn’t think there was any real impact I could make there”.
Read more
comma.ai
Hotz founded comma.ai in September 2015 to develop advanced driver-assistance systems using machine learning. He demonstrated an early prototype, a self-driving Acura ILX, on California's Interstate 280, which resulted in a cease-and-desist letter from the California Department of Motor Vehicles.
The company initially planned to sell an aftermarket device called the "comma one," but canceled it in October 2016 after the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration requested information about its compliance with Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. A month later, comma.ai released its driving software, openpilot, as open-source software.
The company subsequently developed hardware devices to run openpilot, including the comma two (2020) and comma three (2021). In November 2020, Consumer Reports ranked openpilot above all other advanced driver-assistance systems, including Tesla Autopilot, Cadillac Super Cruise, and Ford Co-Pilot 360, particularly for driver engagement and ease of use. As of 2025, openpilot supports over 300 vehicle models, with users having accumulated over 100 million miles driven.
Hotz stepped down from day-to-day leadership of comma.ai in October 2022, citing that the company had matured beyond the stage where his skills were best suited, though he remained on the board.
tiny corp
Hotz founded tiny corp on November 5, 2022. tiny corp aims to port machine learning instruction sets to hardware accelerators.
On May 24, 2023, tiny corp announced that they raised $5.1M to build computers for machine learning and develop a neural network framework called tinygrad. tinygrad, the neural network framework developed by tiny corp, aims to provide a balance between the simplicity of Andrej Karpathy's micrograd framework and the functionality of the PyTorch framework. tinygrad aims to realize performance gains over PyTorch through a number of optimizations, including dynamic compilation, fusing of operations, and a greatly simplified backend. tinygrad is currently used to enable comma.ai's openpilot framework to run on the company's dedicated hardware, which includes a Snapdragon 845 GPU.
Additionally, tiny corp builds the tinybox, a $15,000 AI computer aimed at local model training and inference, serving as a personal compute cluster.
From Wikipedia’s article on George Hotz (this version), CC BY-SA 4.0.
Personal life
Legal issues and controversies
Sony lawsuit
On December 29, 2010, hacking group fail0verflow did a presentation at the 27th Chaos Communications Congress where they exposed a mistake of Sony in their usage of ECDSA signatures without publishing the corresponding private key. This key was used by Sony to prevent piracy. On January 2, 2011, Hotz posted a copy of the private key of the PlayStation 3 on his website. These keys were later removed from his website as a result of legal action by Sony against fail0verflow and Hotz. In response to his continued publication of PS3 exploit information, Sony filed on January 11, 2011, for an application for a temporary restraining order (TRO) against him in the US District Court of Northern California.
Hotz published his commentary on the case, including a song about the "disaster" of Sony. Sony in turn has demanded that social media sites, including YouTube, hand over IP addresses of people who visited Geohot's social pages and videos, the latter being the case only for those who "watched the video and 'documents reproducing all records or usernames and IP addresses that have posted or published comments in response to the video".
PayPal granted Sony access to Geohot's PayPal account contribution transactions, and the judge of the case granted Sony permission to view the IP addresses of everyone who visited geohot.com. In April 2011, it was revealed that Sony and Hotz had settled the lawsuit out of court, on the condition that Hotz would never again resume any hacking work on Sony products.
From Wikipedia’s article on George Hotz (this version), CC BY-SA 4.0.
Links
Sources
The numbers on this page point here. Each one links to the record it came from.
- 1WikidataGeorge Hotz on Wikidata
- 2WikipediaGeorge Hotz on Wikipedia
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8Wikidatanotable work, as reported
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12WikidataGeorge Hotz: X, on Wikidata
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16WikidataComma.ai, Founder
- 17Wikimedia CommonsGeorge Hotz photo by Steve Jennings/Getty Images, CC BY 2.0