Khuda Bakhsh

Khuda Bakhsh was born into a prominent noble Indian Muslim family in Patna and was brought up under the guidance of his father, Sir Muhammed Bakhsh, a prominent advocate and Zamindar from Patna city of Bihar. His family was distinguished in scholarship and one of his distant ancestors, Qazi Haibatullah, took part in compiling the Fatawa 'Alamgiri. The Family of Khuda Bakhsh were the official record keepers who were given the responsibility by the Mughal Emperors to write day-to-day activities across the Mughal Empire.

His father, Muhammed Bakhsh, was a lawyer working in Bankipore, due to his passion for Persian and Arabic literature, he amassed a collection of 1200 manuscripts. Khuda Bakhsh would add to this collection later in life.

Khuda Bakhsh studied in Calcutta under the care of his father's friend Khan Bahadur Nawab Amir Ali, who was a lawyer in the Calcutta Sadr Diwani Adalat. His father's illness however meant he was recalled home to Bankipur and had to start work to help his family financially.

He started his career as a Peshkar in 1868. He later on became the Government pleader of Patna in 1880. At the same time, his father became very ill. In his dying breath, he requested his son to open a public library. He inherited 1,400 manuscripts from his father and opened the library to the public in 1891, expanding the collection to 4,000 manuscripts and 80,000 books. He became the first director of the library and remained in that position until his death, except for a brief period from 1895 to 1898 when he was serving as Chief justice of the Supreme Court of Hyderabad. He was made the first honorary Vice Chairman of Patna Municipal Corporation under the Former Governor General of India George Robinson's cabinet. Khuda Bakhsh met Sachchidananda Sinha while practicing in Allahabdad High Court as a Judge. He gave the responsibility of running the library to his student Sachchidananda Sinha from 1894 to 1898 where he mentored him. Khuda Bakhsh's Son, Sir Salahuddin Bakhsh, later became good friends with Sinha and worked together in establishing his own library known as Sinha Library. Khuda Bakhsh was also a great friend of Shibil Nomani and Syed Ahmad Khan with whom he worked together to introduce multiple reform in the education system of British India.

Sir Khuda Bakhsh inherited the private library from his father Muhammad Bakhsh and promised him in his death bed in 1876 that he will open the library for public. He hired Muhammad Maki to acquire books and manuscripts for a monthly income of Rs. 50. In 1890 Bakhsh built a two-story library for Rs. 80,000 which was inaugurated in 1891 by the former Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal, Charles Alfred Elliott. He donated his manuscripts and books to the public on 14 January 1891.

Sir Khuda Bakhsh was approached by the representatives of the British Museum who made a stunning offer to purchase his collection, but he declined. He informed VC Scott O'Connor, an orientalist based in Edinburgh, England. "I am a poor man and the sum they offered me was a princely fortune, but could I ever part for money with that to which my father and I have dedicated our lives?" "No" he said "the collection is for Patna and the gift shall be laid at the feet of the Patna public".

The library was designated as an institution of national importance on 26 December 1969. By an act of Parliament.