Ryszard Krynicki

He was born on 28 June 1943 in St. Valentin, Austria. After World War II, he moved to Poland, where he graduated from Marie Curie High School No. 2 in Gorzów Wielkopolski. He further studied Polish philology at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. He made his literary debut in 1964 in Poznań's literary club Od nowa, where he publicly read out one of his untitled poems. His first poem was published in 1966 (Wczasowstąpienie) in a literary magazine Pomorze. In 1968, he wrote Pęd pogoni, pęd ucieczki ("The Impulse to Pursue, the Impulse to Flee"), which one year later appeared in his first book of poetry Akt urodzenia ("The Birth Certificate"). He also published articles in an emigration weekly Wiadomości ("The News").

In the 1970s and 1980s, he was actively involved in the opposition movement against communist authorities of the Polish People's Republic. In 1971–1973 he worked at the editorial office of the Kraków-based Student magazine where he met many prominent members of the generation of the Polish New Wave (1968–1976) including Adam Zagajewski and Stanisław Barańczak. He was the signatory of Letter of 59, which was a reaction of Polish intellectuals against the undemocratic changes in the Constitution of the Polish People's Republic. As a direct consequence of this, his works were officially banned between 1976 and 1980. He collaborated with the Workers' Defense Committee; and in the period between 1977 and 1981, he published articles in Zapis magazine. In 1980, he took part in a hunger strike in St. Christopher's Church in Podkowa Leśna as an act of solidarity with the detained political dissidents Dariusz Kobzdej and Mirosław Chojecki. He published numerous texts and articles in opposition magazines such as Solidarności Wielkopolski ("Greater Poland Solidarity"), Obserwator Wielkopolski ("Greater Poland's Observer") and Bez Debitu ("Without Debit"). He also published his works in Zeszyty Literackie ("Literary Notebooks"). In 1988, he co-founded wydawnictwo a5 publishing house in Poznań, which specialized in the publication of poetry books. Since 1991, he has been running a publishing company together with his wife Krystyna. Nowadays, Krynicki is seen as one of the foremost representatives of contemporary Polish poetry alongside Adam Zagajewski and Ewa Lipska. In 2015, he became a member of the Polish Academy of Learning.