Private company
Iroquois Capital Management, LLC
American company, incorporated in Delaware. Summary from the record
Last updated Oct 21, 2026.
Overview
- HeadquartersDE1
Corporate structure
Iroquois Capital Management, LLC sits at the top of its group. 29 entities, 3 countries on record. Switch between the flow chart and the network, and select any entity to see its details.
Major holders of Iroquois Capital Management, LLC
- Kimberly M. Griffin Owns 25% to 50% of Iroquois Capital Management, LLC, since 01/2007 (Form ADV)
- Richard Kenneth Abbe Owns 25% to 50% of Iroquois Capital Management, LLC, since 06/2003 (Form ADV)
- The Merav Abbe Irrevocable Trust Owns 25% to 50% of Iroquois Capital Management, LLC, since 06/2003 (Form ADV)
- Leo Theodore Abbe Owns 5% to 10% of Iroquois Capital Management, LLC, since 01/2023 (Form ADV)
- Iroquois Capital Management, LLC DE
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- BriaCell Therapeutics Corp. Stake · West Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Charlie's Holdings, Inc. Stake · Costa Mesa, California
- Clearmind Medicine Inc. Stake · Z4
- DEFSEC Technologies Inc. Stake · A1
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- Empery Digital Inc. Stake · Round Rock, Texas, United States
- Iveda Solutions, Inc. Stake · Mesa, Arizona
- Jet.AI Inc. Stake · Las Vegas, Nevada
- ORAGENICS INC Stake · Tampa, Florida, United States
- Peraso Inc. Stake · San Jose, California, United States
- Petros Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Stake · New York, New York
- PharmaCyte Biotech, Inc. Stake · Las Vegas, Nevada
- Q/C TECHNOLOGIES, INC. Stake · New York, New York
- Rocket One Inc. Stake · Hoboken, New Jersey
- SaverOne 2014 Ltd. Stake · L3
- SCWorx Corp. Stake · Middleton, Massachusetts
- Smith Micro Software Stake · Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Staffing 360 Solutions, Inc. Stake · New York, New York, United States
- TaoWeave, Inc. Stake · Denver, Colorado
- Theriva Biologics, Inc. Stake · Rockville, Maryland
- and 3 more
Built from major holders from Schedules 13D and 13G; stakes of 5% or more it reported on Schedules 13D and 13G (28 companies); owners and owned firms from Form ADV, the registration investment advisers file with the SEC. Each entity in the chart links to its source.
Investment adviser
Iroquois Capital Management, LLC is registered with the SEC as an investment adviser. This is what it reports on Form ADV, the registration every adviser files and keeps current.
- RegistrationSEC 802-80689, CRD 159769 IAPD record
Who owns it
Owners of 5% or more as the firm lists them (Schedule A), and the owners of those owners up the chain (Schedule B).
- Richard Kenneth Abbeowns 25% to 50%, since 06/2003
- Kimberly M. Griffinowns 25% to 50%, since 01/2007
- THE MERAV ABBE IRREVOCABLE TRUSTowns 25% to 50%, since 06/2003
- Leo Theodore Abbeowns 5% to 10%, since 01/2023
- Leo Theodore Abbeowns general partner, trustee or manager of NA, since 06/2011
- Richard Kenneth Abbeowns 75% or more of THE MERAV ABBE IRREVOCABLE TRUST, since 06/2003
In its own words: the client brochure
Form ADV Part 2A, the plain-English document an adviser must give its clients, quoted as filed 3/31/2014.3 It covers the firm’s services, fees, investment strategies and their risks, and its conflicts of interest.
Item 4: Advisory business Services
Founded in 2003, Iroquois Capital Management, LLC (“ICM”) is an investment adviser with its principal place of business in New York City. ICM is the investment adviser to a hedge fund formed as a master-feeder structure. The feeder funds are composed of Iroquois Capital, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“Iroquois Domestic”) and Iroquois Offshore Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempted company (“Iroquois Offshore” and, collectively with Iroquois Domestic, the “Feeder Funds”). The Feeder Funds feed into Iroquois Master Fund, Ltd. which is also a Cayman Islands exempted company (the “ICM Hedge Fund” and collectively the “ICM Funds”). Richard Abbe and Joshua Silverman are the founders and each hold, directly in the case of Mr. Silverman and indirectly in the case of Mr. Abbe, twenty-five percent or more of ICM and of Iroquois Capital Partners LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that is the general partner of Iroquois Domestic (the “General Partner”). Mr. Abbe’s ownership interest in each of ICM and the General Partner is held by an irrevocable trust for which Mr. Abbe is the sole beneficiary. ICM and Jason Selch are the principal owners of Iroquois Energy Advisors LLC (“IEA”), a Delaware limited liability company which was founded in February, 2013. IEA is the investment adviser to a hedge fund formed as a master-feeder structure. The feeder fund is Iroquois Energy Fund, LLC (“IEF”), which is also a Delaware limited liability company. IEF feeds into Iroquois Energy Master Fund, L.P., a Cayman Islands exempted limited partnership (the “IEA Hedge Fund” and collectively the “IEF Funds”). ICM and Jason Selch are the founders and principal owners of Iroquois Energy GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that is the general partner of the IEA Hedge Fund and the managing member of IEF. As used in this Form ADV Part 2A, the term “Hedge Funds” applies to the IEA Hedge Fund and the ICM Hedge Fund. ICM and IEA (collectively “Iroquois”) provide discretionary investment management services to the ICM Funds and IEF Funds pursuant to investment management agreements. In connection with providing these services, Messrs. Abbe and Silverman have full discretionary trading authority and have responsibility for the management, operations and investment decisions made on behalf of the ICM Funds. Messrs. Abbe, Silverman and Selch have responsibility for the management and operations of IEA. Mr. Selch serves as the primary portfolio manager for the IEF Funds. ICM primarily offers advice with respect to public and private investments, including private investments in public companies, throughout the capital structure of portfolio companies. Investments made include, but are not limited to, equity securities, warrants, corporate debt securities, commercial paper, derivatives (including puts, calls, options and economic participation agreements), equity-linked notes and straight debt. IEA primarily offers advice with respect to opportunistic long and short equity investments in the energy sector. Generally, IEA seeks to cause the IEF Funds to invest in a diversified portfolio of long and short positions in primarily publicly listed equity securities of small and mid-cap energy companies that are expected to benefit from industry trends or commodity price movements while seeking to protect the downside of the investments through various hedging strategies.
ICM and IEA do not generally tailor their advisory services to the individual needs or desires of investors in the Funds and do not accept investor-imposed investment restrictions. Neither ICM nor IEA currently participate in a wrap fee program. As of January 1, 2014, Iroquois’ regulatory assets under management are as follows:
Non-Discretionary Client Assets: Discretionary Client Assets: Total Assets under Management:
Combined
ICM
IEA
$0 US$155,132,778 US$155,132,778
$0 $128,314,617 $128,314,617
$0 $26,818,161 $26,818,161
Item 5: Fees and compensation Fees
Fees Payable to ICM: As the investment manager of Iroquois Domestic and Iroquois Offshore (individually a “Feeder Fund” and, together, the “ICM Feeder Funds”), ICM receives management fees from each such Feeder Fund. Each of the Feeder Funds pays ICM an annual management fee which is deducted from the client accounts quarterly in advance based on the net assets of such Fund as of the close of business on the last day of the prior quarter after adjustment for any contributions to, or withdrawals from, such Fund. This management fee is pro- rated for any period that is less than a full fiscal period. The management fee is equal to an annualized rate of 2.0% (0.5% quarterly) of such Feeder Fund’s net assets. The management fee for Iroquois Domestic is subject to increase or decrease in the sole discretion of the General Partner, provided that no such increase or decrease shall be effective unless notice of such intended change is given to the limited partners and the limited partners are afforded an opportunity to redeem their interests prior to such change becoming effective. The General Partner in its sole discretion, may waive or reduce the management fee for limited partners that are members, affiliates or employees of the General Partner or ICM and for certain large or strategic investors. Likewise, the management fees charged to one or more of the shareholders of Iroquois Offshore may be modified by ICM. To date, only one large, strategic and early seed investor has been charged a reduced fee pursuant to a side letter arrangement.] All other investors including the principals and employees of ICM pay the 2.0% management fee. Investors are credited with any management fees paid in advance for any period in which they no longer have capital invested in the Feeder Fund. This credit/refund is made at the time an investor redeems (either in whole or in part) from the Feeder Fund. In consideration for the management fees it receives, ICM provides certain services and pays certain overhead expenses of an ordinary and recurring nature including, but not limited to, rent, supplies, secretarial expenses and stationary, charges for furniture and fixtures and compensation of analysts, professionals and administrative personnel. All other expenses such as commissions, interest on margin accounts, custodial fees, clearing and settlement charges, transfer agent/registrant fees, printing expenses and all expenses reasonably related to the organization and operation of the Fund including research, legal, accounting, auditing and other professional expenses are borne on a pro rata basis by the investors in the Feeder Funds in accordance with their capital accounts. In addition to these management fees, at the end of each fiscal year, the Iroquois Domestic and Iroquois Offshore are each obligated to pay the General Partner and ICM respectively, an incentive allocation or performance fee based on the performance of the applicable Feeder Fund during such calendar year. The performance fee/incentive allocation Is 20% of the increase, if any, in the net asset value of the relevant shares or capital account, subject to a “loss carry forward” which means that no performance fee/incentive allocation is earned until after any decline in the net asset value of such shares or capital account in any prior calendar years (on a cumulative basis) is offset by subsequent increases in the net asset value of such shares or capital account. This is commonly referred to as the “High Water Mark”.
In instances where ICM takes the lead on an investment or with respect to the restructuring of an investment made by an unrelated syndicate of funds/investors, ICM has the right to receive a fee from the target company and/or other funds. This fee is intended to compensate the professional, investment and legal team at ICM for going beyond their regular scope in evaluating, leading, negotiating, structuring, restructuring and closing the relevant investment. In such a situation, management fees would not be offset or reduced by these fees. The receipt of such fees creates a potential conflict of interest whereby ICM is incentivized to engage in a transaction with a portfolio company for reasons other than the investment merit of the particular investment. ICM is aware of the existence of this potential conflict yet believes that it only performs such functions and takes such fees in connection with transactions that it deems its extra-ordinary involvement to be in the best interest of the Fund. Fees Payable to IEA: As the investment manager of IEF, IEA receives a management fee from IEF at the rate of 0.375% per calendar quarter (1.5% per year), which is deducted from the client accounts quarterly in advance based on the net assets of IEF as of the close of business on the last day of the prior quarter after adjustment for any contributions to, or withdrawals from, IEF. This management fee is pro-rated for any period that is less than a full fiscal period. The managing member of IEF in its sole discretion, may waive or reduce the management fee for members that are members, affiliates or employees of the managing member or IEA and for certain large or strategic investors. To date, only three large, strategic and early seed investors have been charged a reduced fee pursuant to side letter arrangements. All other investors including the principals and employees of IEA pay the 1.5% management fee. Investors are credited with any management fees paid in advance for any period in which they no longer have capital invested in IEF. This credit/refund is made at the time an investor redeems (either in whole or in part) from IEF. In consideration for the management fees it receives, IEA provides certain services and pays certain overhead expenses of an ordinary and recurring nature including, but not limited to, rent, supplies, secretarial expenses and stationary, charges for furniture and fixtures and compensation of analysts, professionals and administrative personnel. All other expenses such as custodial fees, costs of any outside appraisers, accountants, attorneys or other experts or consultants engaged by IEA, insurance costs, research and data service costs, and ordinary and extraordinary legal, accounting, auditing, and recordkeeping expenses (including, without limitation, expenses incurred in preparing reports to investors and regulatory authorities, printing and duplication expenses, the expenses of the offering, mailing expenses, and filing fees) are paid by IEF. IEF will also pay its share of expenses incurred by the IEA Hedge Fund in connection with research and due diligence investigations of potential investments (including the fees of attorneys and other professionals hired to conduct such investigations and investment-related travel expenses). In addition to these management fees, at the end of each fiscal year, IEF is obligated to pay the managing member an incentive allocation or performance fee at the rate of 20% of any positive income change achieved during fiscal year. The positive income change is essentially the increase in value of IEF’s net assets measured from the beginning of the fiscal period to the end of the fiscal period, adjusted for intervening withdrawals and distributions and intervening performance allocations (e.g., in connection with partial withdrawals). For purposes of
calculating the incentive allocation or performance fee, the amount of any positive income change is subject to a “loss carry forward” which means that no performance fee/incentive allocation is earned until after any decline in the net asset value of such shares or capital account in any prior fiscal years (on a cumulative basis) is offset by subsequent increases in the net asset value of such shares or capital account. This is commonly referred to as the “High Water Mark”. Lastly, none of ICM, IEA nor any of their affiliated entities accept compensation for the sale of securities or other investment products.
Item 8: Methods of analysis, investment strategies and risk of loss Investment strategies and risks
The ICM Hedge Fund: Methods of analysis and investment strategies - The ICM Hedge Fund invests primarily in opportunistic and event driven public and private companies incorporating a variety of strategies including special situations, hedging and private placements, including private placements in public companies, in stocks and bonds. The ICM Hedge Fund analyzes investment opportunities on a case-by-case basis and focuses on the prospective portfolio company’s management team, business plan, past performance, fundamentals and financials. In addition, the ICM Hedge Fund opportunistically trades in the securities of small, mid and large cap companies based on chart analysis, momentum and research. The ICM Hedge Fund is focused on consistent capital appreciation through arbitrage and absolute investment strategies in the global financial markets. While investing in such securities involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear, the foundation of the ICM Hedge Fund’s investment process is to systematically hedge out market risk and protect principal. The ICM Hedge Fund utilizes short sales, the options market and a strategy called Delta Hedging to trade around the optionality contained in many of the convertible instruments in which it invests. Delta Hedging, which is based on the widelyaccepted and Nobel Prize-winning (Economics) Black-Scholes Model of pricing options over time, is an investment strategy that involves offsetting a long position on an option contract with a short position in the underlying asset, or vice versa. With respect to this strategy, the ICM Hedge Fund places a premium on and investments decisions are driven by factors such as liquidity in the underlying stock, availability and price of options or borrowable stock of such company. As part of its hedging strategy (including to offset risk), the ICM Hedge Fund may enter into participation agreements with other funds and similar investment vehicles as well as individuals who may or may not be investors pursuant to which such funds/individuals obligate themselves to pay the ICM Hedge Fund for the right to participate in the economic benefit of a ICM Hedge Fund investment, and vice versa. Risk Factors -- All investments in securities and other financial instruments puts the invested capital at risk of loss. Some of the risks associated with the ICM Hedge Fund’s investment strategy, and the securities and other assets utilized to implement that strategy include, but are not limited to, the following: Valuation of Securities and Exchange Risks -- The ICM Hedge Fund’s assets may, at certain points in time, consist of securities or equity-linked products, the underlying securities of which are thinly traded or for which no readily-identifiable market exists or which are restricted as to their transferability or salability under federal or state securities laws. To the extent that the ICM Hedge Fund invests in or holds such securities, commonly referred to as Level 3 Assets, the valuation of such securities cannot be made on a mark- to-market basis and rather is determined in strict accordance with the ICM Hedge Fund’s Valuation Policy by the General Partner with the assistance of its investment manager, ICM. This valuation determination is final and conclusive as to all investors. A potential conflict of interest exists in the valuation of these Level 3 Assets given that ICM and the General Partner receive incentive allocations/performance fees and management fees based on the net asset value of the fund. In addition, for all securities traded on public exchanges, each exchange typically has the right to suspend or limit trading in
all securities that it lists. Such a suspension could render it impossible to liquidate or value positions on a mark-to-market basis and thereby expose the ICM Hedge Fund to losses. Use of Leverage -- The ICM Hedge Fund uses margin to hold borrowed stocks that it sells short. This “borrowing” is secured by the ICM Hedge Fund’s securities and other assets at the lending Prime Broker. Under certain circumstances, a broker/dealer, bank or other lender may demand an increase in the collateral that secures the ICM Hedge Fund’s obligations and, if the ICM Hedge Fund is then unable to provide the additionally demanded collateral, the lending institution could liquidate assets held in the account to satisfy the fund’s obligations. Liquidation in this wholesale manner could be untimely and have extremely adverse consequences on the value of the ICM Hedge Fund. Short Selling -- As set forth above, a significant part of our investment strategy utilizes short sales to capture arbitrage spreads, including in private investments in public equity, and to trade around the optionality of convertible instruments, such as warrants. A short sale is a transaction where a security, which is not owned, is borrowed and then sold. When we engage in such short sales we are obligated to replace that security through purchases on the open market. While typically the possible loss from a short sale is unlimited because the potential appreciation of a security is unlimited, the risk is extremely low for our ICM Hedge Fund as we rarely engage in a short sale where we don’t have a security that can be converted into common stock to cover the replacement obligation. Counterparty Risk -- There is a risk in participation agreements of the non-performance by the other party. However, ICM seeks to engage in such participation agreements with entities or individuals with whom ICM has a pre-existing relationship and/or on whom ICM has conducted due diligence. Custodial Risk -- There are risks involved in dealing with the custodians who hold the ICM Hedge Fund’s securities and the brokers who settle ICM Hedge Fund trades. It is expected that all securities and other assets deposited with such custodians or brokers will be identified as being assets of the ICM Hedge Fund and thus the ICM Hedge Fund should not be exposed to a credit risk with respect to such parties. However, it may not always be possible to achieve this segregation and there may be practical or timing problems associated with enforcing the ICM Hedge Fund’s right to its assets in the case of an insolvency of any such party. Incentive Allocation -- The General Partner and ICM are entitled to an incentive allocation/performance fee from the limited partners/investors. This incentive fee may encourage the General Partner or ICM to make riskier or more speculative investments than it would absent such fee. In addition the incentive allocation/performance fee is based on realized and unrealized appreciation. Limited Liquidity; In-Kind Distributions -- While liquidity is a major factor that ICM looks at before making an investment, not all securities are liquid at the time of investment and in certain situations a security that was liquid when the investment decision was made some times turns out to be illiquid by the time monetization is appropriate. Thus, if significant redemptions are requested by investors for the same redemption period, the ICM Hedge Fund may not be able to liquidate its investments at the time of such redemption requests or may be able to do so only at
prices which it believes do not reflect the true value of such investment and which would adversely affect the investors’ interests. Under this circumstance, the ICM Hedge Fund, and therefore the relevant Feeder Fund, is permitted to make in-kind distributions of the illiquid securities. Such securities may not be readily marketable or saleable and may have to be held by the investor for an indefinite period of time. Transaction Costs -- As the ICM Hedge Fund’s primary investment strategy involves a relatively high volume of securities trading and engaging in short sales, the ICM Hedge Fund’s performance could be effected by an increase in the rate of brokerage commissions or by an increase in the costs to borrow stocks. Portfolio Company Risks -- Small cap and micro cap companies are subject to a variety of operational risks which can lead to poor performance and potential failure of the company including, without limitations, lack of capital, inability to compete against large companies, lack of management depth or dependence on key personnel, and product obsolescence. Micro cap companies may lack the operational controls of larger companies and may be more subject to fraud. Moreover, the market for micro cap companies can be very volatile due to the limited volume and may be subject to manipulation. The IEA Hedge Fund: Methods of analysis and investment strategies -- IEA primarily offers advice with respect to opportunistic long and short equity investments in the energy sector. Generally, IEA seeks to cause the IEF Funds to invest in a diversified portfolio of long and short positions in primarily publicly listed equity securities of small and mid-cap energy companies that are expected to benefit from industry trends or commodity price movements while seeking to protect the downside of the investments through various hedging strategies. Risk Factors -- All investments in securities and other financial instruments puts the invested capital at risk of loss. Some of the risks associated with the IEA Hedge Fund’s investment strategy, and the securities and other assets utilized to implement that strategy include, but are not limited to, the following: Concentration in the Energy Sector -- Because the IEA Hedge Fund’s investments are concentrated in the energy sector, the IEA Hedge Fund’s value may be subject to more rapid change than would be the case if the IEA Hedge Fund maintained a broad diversification among companies, sectors and types of securities. Energy and other natural resources businesses are subject to significant federal, state and local governmental regulation in virtually every aspect of their operations, including how facilities are constructed, maintained and operated, environmental and safety controls, and, in some instances, the prices they may charge for products and services they provide. Stricter laws, regulations and enforcement policies could be enacted in the future that could adversely affect the financial performance of energy businesses. Concentration in Companies with Small- and Mid-Cap Market Capitalization -- Such investments involve greater risk than investing in larger companies. The stock prices of small and mid-cap companies can rise very quickly and drop dramatically in a short period of time. This volatility results from a number of factors, including reliance by these companies on limited
Item 7: Types of clients
ICM and IEA provide discretionary advice to Funds that are formed as pooled investment vehicles. The Funds are primarily composed of high net worth individuals, family offices, pension plans and other institutional investors. As set forth in their respective offering materials, each of the Funds that ICM and IEA advise have a minimum threshold investment amount of $1M but those threshold amounts are subject to reduction or waiver in the sole discretion of the respective general partner, directors or managing member, as applicable. The Funds referred to herein are limited to investors that meet suitability standards such as meeting the definition of “accredited investor” as defined in Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and/or “qualified purchaser” as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
Item 6: Performance-based fees and side-by-side management Conflicts of interest
At the end of each fiscal year, Iroquois Domestic and Iroquois Offshore are each obligated to pay the General Partner and ICM, respectively, an incentive allocation or performance fee based on the performance of such entity during such calendar year. As described above, the performance fee is 20% of the increase, if any, in the net asset value of a capital account or shares subject to a “loss carry forward” which means that no performance fee or incentive allocation is earned until after any decline in the net asset value of such capital account or shares in any prior calendar years (on a cumulative basis) is offset by subsequent increases in the net asset value of such capital account. This is commonly referred to as the High Water Mark. At the end of each fiscal year, IEF is obligated to pay the managing member an incentive allocation or performance fee based on the performance of IEF during such fiscal year. As described above, the performance fee is 20% of any positive income change achieved during fiscal year. The positive income change is essentially the increase in value of IEF’s net assets measured from the beginning of the fiscal period to the end of the fiscal period, adjusted for intervening withdrawals and distributions and intervening performance allocations (e.g., in connection with partial withdrawals). For purposes of calculating the incentive allocation or performance fee, the amount of any positive income change is subject to a “loss carry forward” which means that no performance fee or incentive allocation is earned until after any decline in the net asset value of such shares or capital account in any prior fiscal years (on a cumulative basis) is offset by subsequent increases in the net asset value of such shares or capital account. This is commonly referred to as the “High Water Mark”. Neither ICM nor IEA manage accounts that are charged any type of fee other than the management fee discussed in Item 5, supra, and the performance fee or incentive allocation discussed in this Item 6.
Item 10: Other financial industry activities and affiliations Conflicts of interest
None of ICM, IEA nor their respective management persons are registered as a broker-dealer or registered representative of a broker-dealer nor do they have an application pending for such registration. None of ICM, IEA nor their respective management persons are registered as a futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator, a commodity trading advisor, or an associated person of the foregoing entities nor do they have an application pending for such registration. None of ICM, IEA nor their respective management persons have any relationships or arrangements with related persons that are financial industry participants.
Item 11: Code of ethics, participation or interest in client transactions and personal trading Conflicts of interest
Trading Iroquois maintains a Code of Ethics (the “Code”) as required by Rule 204A-1 of the Advisers Act. The Code is designed to ensure that no client is disadvantaged in any respect by the transactions executed by any Iroquois employee and that Iroquois employees in no respect misappropriate any benefit properly belonging to any Client. Iroquois’ Code is described generally below and a copy of the Code will be made available to current and prospective clients and investors upon request. Iroquois’s Code Of Ethics -- The Code sets forth, among other things, the standards of personal and professional conduct expected of all Iroquois personnel (“Iroquois Personnel”), Iroquois’ fiduciary duties to the Funds, their investors and Iroquois’ Personal Account Trading Policy and Procedures. The Code requires that, without exception, client interests must be a priority in resolving any conflict that arises between Iroquois and a client. Through the Code, Iroquois seeks to avoid not just the occurrence of improper activities but also the appearance of improper activity. Among the specific potential conflicts addressed by the Code are personal account trading by Iroquois Personnel, outside business activities of Iroquois Personnel and giving or receipt of gifts and entertainment. The Code also seeks to eliminate, mitigate and manage other conflicts of interest. Personal Trading -- Iroquois Personnel may create conflicts of interest by their personal account trading in securities that may be purchased, held or sold by a client. To address the conflicts that arise in connection with personal account trading, Iroquois has a Personal Account Trading Policy and Procedures. This Policy seeks to prevent actual conflicts of interest, or even the appearance of conflicts of interest, among the interests of Iroquois, its clients, and Iroquois Personnel by, among other things, placing restrictions on the ability of Iroquois Personnel (including household members) to trade for their own personal accounts. Under The Personal Account Trading Policy and Procedures, the interests of client accounts will at all times be placed first, and appropriate investment opportunities must be offered to clients first before the Iroquois or Iroquois Personnel may act on them. All personal securities transactions will be conducted in such a manner as to avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest or any abuse of an individual’s position of trust and responsibility. The Code contains several specific requirements designed to eliminate conflicts of interest surrounding personal investment transactions, including: • • •
reporting of personal securities transactions; filing of initial and annual holdings reports; and pre-approval from the Chief Compliance Officer for certain purchase and sale transactions of securities and other instruments.
Iroquois monitors the personal trading accounts of Iroquois Personnel on an ongoing basis. Insider Trading -- Iroquois forbids its principals, officers, directors and employees from trading, either personally or on behalf of others, including the Funds, while in possession of material
nonpublic information or communicating material nonpublic information to others in violation of law. In this regard, Iroquois has adopted an Insider Trading Policy that contains procedures reasonably designed to prevent the misuse of material nonpublic information. In addition, Iroquois maintains a Restricted List which contains a listing of all issuers for whom Iroquois and any of its Advisory Affiliates may possess material non-public information. Trading in any name on the Restricted List is prohibited. Participation or Interest in Client Transactions; Other Activities -- Iroquois has adopted as a general policy a prohibition on principal trades. There are times that Iroquois Personnel and related persons may invest simultaneously alongside Iroquois -- these are called “coinvestments”. By policy, co-investments are only permitted when the applicable portfolio manager has determined that the respective Hedge Fund has been allocated its fully-desired allotment of a particular investment. In such situations, the interested Iroquois Personnel may make the investment directly in their name or in the name of an entity they control upon approval from the Chief Compliance Officer. Absent approval from the Chief Compliance Officer, no Iroquois Personnel or related person is permitted, directly or indirectly, to sell any of its holdings to or buy any holdings from any of the Funds. Iroquois and its affiliates are not restricted from forming additional investment funds, from entering into other investment advisory relationships, or from engaging in other business activities, even though such activities may be in competition with existing clients and/or may involve substantial time and resources of Iroquois Personnel. These activities could be viewed as creating a conflict of interest in that the time and effort of the members of Iroquois and its affiliates are not devoted exclusively to the business of the existing advisory clients, but are allocated between the business of the existing clients and the management of the monies of future funds and accounts managed by Iroquois. Iroquois uses its best judgment to be fair and equitable to all advisory clients to minimize this conflict of interest. As a general policy, all outside business activities must be approved by the Chief Compliance Officer. Political Contributions; Gifts and Entertainment -- The Code of Ethics requires political contributions to government officials by Iroquois Personnel to be reported to the Chief Compliance Officer. This policy is designed to curtail the influence of “pay-to- play” based on political contributions to government officials who influence or control how government funds, such as state pension plans, invest. The Code of Ethics also requires notice and approval for gifts and entertainment that Iroquois Personnel receive from third-parties with which Iroquois or any Fund conduct business. All gifts or entertainment above a de minimis amount must be reported to and approved by the Chief Compliance Officer.
Item 12: Brokerage practices Conflicts of interest
ICM and IEA have full discretionary authority to manage the Funds they advise. This management authority includes making decisions with respect to which securities are bought and sold, the timing of such investment decisions, the selection of the broker-dealers to be used for to execute such securities transactions and the approval of commissions, markups or markdowns paid. ICM and IEA consider a number of factors in selecting a broker-dealer to execute transactions. ICM and IEA are not required to solicit competitive bids and do not have an obligation to seek the lowest available commission. ICM and IEA will seek to obtain best execution, taking into account such factors as generation of investment opportunities, price, the ability of the broker-dealer to effect the transactions, efficiency, discretion, financial strength, integrity, stability, availability of stock to borrow for short sales and the broker-dealer’s provision of, or payment for, the cost of brokerage and research products and/or services which benefit ICM and IEA and their respective clients. On a quarterly basis, ICM and IEA (each, by committee) review and evaluate the execution performance of the broker-dealers they use to execute client transactions. ICM and IEA’s best execution review processes include an analysis of overall performance of a broker-dealer in light of the amount of business directed to such broker-dealer. In evaluating execution practices, the committees also seek to address and resolve any conflicts of interest that may exist in selecting broker-dealers to execute client transactions. When ICM and IEA use client brokerage commissions (or markups or markdowns) to obtain research or other products or services, they receive benefits because they do not have to produce or pay for the research, products or services which are instead produced by or paid for by such broker-dealer. These benefits provide an incentive for ICM and IEA to select a broker-dealer based on their interest in receiving such products or services rather than necessarily on the interest of clients in receiving the most inexpensive execution. Research products and services provided to ICM and IEA may include research reports on particular companies, economic surveys and analyses, market reports, recommendations as to specific securities, market data, industry specific data, industry publications and subscriptions, trading or execution related software and quotation services. Generally, ICM and IEA’s use of commission or “soft” dollars to pay for research products or services falls within the safe harbor for soft dollars created by Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Where a product or service obtained with commission dollars provides both research and non-research assistance to its clients, ICM and IEA will use their best efforts to make a good faith and reasonable allocation of the cost that may be paid for the commission dollars. In making such allocations of costs between administrative benefits and research, a conflict of interest may exist by reason of ICM and IEA’s desire to use soft dollars when in can. Nonetheless, ICM and IEA have clearly defined policies in this regard to minimize the subjective decision-making process. Thus, the potential for real conflicts here are markedly diminished.
Item 14: Client referrals and other compensation Conflicts of interest
Not applicable.
Item 9: Disciplinary information
There are no legal or disciplinary events to report in response to this item.
Item 13: Review of accounts
The portfolio managers perform various informal reviews of their respective Hedge Fund’s portfolios on a daily, weekly, monthly and quarterly basis. Each Hedge Fund is also reviewed on a periodic basis by the Chief Compliance Officer, with the assistance of the portfolio managers, if necessary, to determine whether the accounts are being managed in a manner that is consistent with the respective Hedge Fund’s investment objectives and guidelines. The respective Hedge Fund’s accounts are reconciled on a daily basis by the internal operations group. The operations group performs a reconciliation at the beginning of the day of the prior day’s trading against the internal accounting system and then against prime broker data. Quarterly, the respective Hedge Fund’s auditors conduct a review of such Hedge Fund’s portfolio in accordance with Agreed-Upon Procedures that encompass, among other things, custodial testing, asset verification and overall portfolio analysis. On a monthly basis, investors in the ICM Feeder Funds are sent a monthly “flash” which sets forth the relevant Feeder Fund’s performance for the previous month and monthly NAV statement. Feeder Fund investors and investors in IEF also receive K-1 statements (where applicable) and a copy of the yearly audit upon request.
Item 15: Custody
As a general matter, all of the assets of all the Funds managed by ICM and IEA are maintained with qualified custodians that are independent of Iroquois. ICM, IEA and all of their Advisory Affiliates adhere to the applicable requirements of the Custody Rule with respect to each Fund for which they serve as general partner, managing member or investment adviser (or are otherwise deemed to have custody). All of the securities of the Hedge Funds are held with at least one qualified custodian. In addition, within 120 days of the end of each fiscal year, both ICM and IEA make available to the investors in their respective Funds an audited financial statement prepared in accordance with GAAP by an independent public accountant registered with, and subject to regular inspection by, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.
Item 16: Investment discretion
As noted previously, ICM and IEA have full discretionary authority to manage their respective Funds, including, but not limited to, the authority to make decisions with respect to which securities are bought and sold, the amount and price of those securities, the brokers and dealers to be used for a particular transaction and commissions or markup and markdowns paid. ICM’s and IEA’s authority is limited by its own internal policies and procedures and each Fund’s investment guidelines and other restrictions set out in the offering material of such Funds. Before assuming this authority, an investment management agreement is entered into among ICM or IEA and the respective Fund. Under these investment management agreements, ICM and IEA are granted discretionary authority to trade the respective Fund’s accounts.
Item 17: Voting client securities
ICM and IEA have each adopted a policy with respect to the exercise of securities holders’ rights, including proxy voting. That policy provides that ICM and IEA will act in the best interests of the Funds they manage in determining whether and how to exercise a Fund’s rights as a securities holder, including whether and how to vote on any proxy voting matter. ICM and IEA classify all requests for securities holder voting authority and related proxy materials as either routine (e.g., uncontested director elections, reappointment of independent audit firms, etc.) or non-routine. In the case of a routine mater, ICM and IEA generally will vote in accordance with the recommendations of the issuer’s management unless, in the opinion of one of the portfolio managers, such votes are not in the best interests of the respective Fund. In the case of any non-routine matter, the appropriate portfolio manager will determine how to vote. In general, proxy votes for or against will be based on probable financial results to the Fund. In certain instances, ICM or IEA may choose to abstain from or withhold on voting of certain proxies if such action (or inaction) is deemed to be in the best interest of the relevant Fund. ICM and IEA may also elect to retain a third party service to assist in coordinating and voting proxies with respect to a particular security, including but not limited to another holder of such security, where ICM or IEA believes that it has a conflict or potential conflict in voting the securities and doing so is in the best interest of the Fund holding such security. Investors may obtain a copy of ICM’s and IEA’s proxy voting policies upon request.
Stakes it holds
Iroquois Capital Management, LLC has told the SEC it owns more than 5% of 28 companies, latest first (Schedules 13D and 13G).
- 22nd Century Group, Inc.SCHEDULE 13G Oct 23, 2024 to Aug 25, 20264
- VringoSCHEDULE 13G/A Jun 11, 2026 to Aug 13, 20265
- Clearmind Medicine Inc.SCHEDULE 13G/A Jan 22, 2024 to Aug 12, 20266
- SCWorx Corp.SCHEDULE 13G/A Dec 5, 2024 to Aug 12, 20267
- AUDDIA INC.SCHEDULE 13G May 15, 20268
- Iveda Solutions, Inc.SCHEDULE 13G/A Feb 13, 2026 to May 15, 20269
- WPCS InternationalSCHEDULE 13G/A Feb 24, 2022 to May 15, 202610
- WRAP TechnologiesSCHEDULE 13G/A Feb 11, 2026 to May 15, 202611
- Petros Pharmaceuticals, Inc.SCHEDULE 13G/A Oct 22, 2021 to Feb 17, 202612
- BioNano GenomicsSCHEDULE 13G/A Sep 18, 2025 to Nov 14, 202513
- DEFSEC Technologies Inc.SCHEDULE 13G/A Jul 28, 2025 to Nov 14, 202514
- TaoWeave, Inc.SCHEDULE 13G/A Feb 23, 2022 to Nov 14, 202515
- Peraso Inc.SCHEDULE 13G/A Feb 15, 2024 to Aug 14, 202516
- BriaCell Therapeutics Corp.SCHEDULE 13G Jul 28, 202517
- Charlie's Holdings, Inc.SCHEDULE 13G/A Feb 13, 2023 to May 14, 202518
- Jet.AI Inc.SCHEDULE 13G/A Oct 15, 2024 to Feb 14, 202519
- Smith Micro SoftwareSC 13G/A Jun 28, 2023 to Nov 15, 202420
- Biodexa Pharmaceuticals PlcSC 13G/A Aug 8, 2024 to Nov 14, 202421
- Edible Garden AG IncSC 13G/A May 31, 2024 to Nov 14, 202422
- Empery Digital Inc.SC 13G/A Jul 16, 2024 to Nov 14, 202423
- ORAGENICS INCSC 13G/A Sep 11, 2024 to Nov 14, 202424
- Q/C TECHNOLOGIES, INC.SC 13G/A Feb 23, 2022 to Feb 14, 202425
- PharmaCyte Biotech, Inc.SC 13D/A Nov 4, 2021 to Jun 16, 202326
- SaverOne 2014 Ltd.SC 13G/A Jul 15, 2022 to Feb 14, 202327
- ARTELO BIOSCIENCES, INC.SC 13G/A Feb 23, 202228
- Rocket One Inc.SC 13G/A Feb 23, 202229
- Staffing 360 Solutions, Inc.SC 13G/A Feb 23, 202230
- Theriva Biologics, Inc.SC 13G/A Feb 23, 202231
Sources
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