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Permian: investment adviser
Permian Investment Partners, LP, doing business as Permian, is an investment adviser registered with the SEC (file 801-72321, CRD 156893). What it reports on Form ADV: assets and clients, fees, owners, disciplinary history and its client brochure. From the SEC's Investment Adviser Public Disclosure site; read Oct 21, 2026.
- Assets managed
- $2.4B
- Discretionary
- 100%
- Accounts
- 9
- Employees
- 12
- In advisory roles
- 7
- Disclosures
- 0
Company page · SEC adviser record · Full Form ADV (PDF)
The firm reports no custody of client cash or securities.
Form ADV Part 1A, Item 5, as filed on the SEC Investment Adviser Public Disclosure site; read Oct 21, 2026.
Clients and fees
Whom the firm advises and how it is paid, from Items 5.D, 5.E and 5.G.
| Client type | Clients | Assets | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| Private funds and other pooled vehicles | 8 | $1.8B | 74.3% |
How it is paid
- A percentage of assets under your management
- Performance-based fees
Services
- Portfolio management for pooled investment vehicles (other than investment companies)
- Portfolio management for businesses (other than small businesses) or institutional clients (other than registered investment companies and other pooled investment vehicles)
Who owns it
Schedule A lists direct owners of 5% or more (and officers who own a stake); Schedule B lists the owners of those owners.
Direct owners (Schedule A)
| Owner | Type | Role | Stake | Since | Control | Public company |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alex Jason Duran | Person | Limited partner | C 25% to 50% | Jun 2008 | Yes | |
| Scott Michael Hendrickson | Person | Limited partner | C 25% to 50% | Jun 2008 | Yes | |
| Flinn Permian LLC | Company (U.S.) | Limited partner | B 10% to 25% | Jun 2008 |
Indirect owners (Schedule B)
| Owner | Owns a stake in | Type | Stake | Control | Public company |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lawrence Flinn | Flinn Permian LLC | Person | E 75% or more |
Form ADV reports ownership in bands, not exact stakes: A means 5% to 10%, B 10% to 25%, C 25% to 50%, D 50% to 75%, E 75% or more. F marks a general partner, trustee or managing member, a role that controls the firm without a percentage. Owners of less than 5% are not listed.
Form ADV Schedules A and B, via the SEC Investment Adviser Public Disclosure site.
Disciplinary history
The firm answered No to every disciplinary question on Form ADV (Item 11).
The brochure
Form ADV Part 2A: the plain-language document an adviser must give its clients. Each item is shown as filed; open an item to read all of it.
Permian Part2, filed Mar 31, 2026. Brochure PDF. Items: 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18
Item 4. Advisory business
ADVISORY BUSINESS A. General Description of Advisory Firm Permian Investment Partners, LP is a Delaware limited partnership formed on February 28, 2008, and HTC Partners, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company formed on February 28, 2008, serves as its general partner. Our principal owners are Alex Jason Duran, Scott Michael Hendrickson, Flinn Permian LLC, and, indirectly, Lawrence Flinn, Jr.
Read the rest of Item 4 (377 more words)
Our affiliate, Permian GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company formed on May 7, 2008, serves as the general partner of Permian Master Fund, LP and Permian Nautilus Master Fund, LP, which are organized as Cayman Islands exempted partnerships (the “Master Funds”), and also serves as the general partner of Permian Fund, LP, Permian Nautilus Fund, LP, and Permian Treble Master Fund, LP, respectively, which are organized as Delaware limited partnerships (collectively, the “Domestic Feeders”). The Firm serves as the investment manager of the Master Funds, the Domestic Feeders and Permian Fund, Ltd. and Permian Nautilus Fund, Ltd., which are organized as Cayman Islands exempted companies (collectively, the “Offshore Feeders,” and together, with the Domestic Feeders, the “Feeder Funds”). The Feeder Funds invest substantially all of their assets in limited partnership interests of the Master Funds. The Master Funds and Feeder Funds are sometimes collectively referred to in this brochure as the “Permian Funds.” In addition to the Permian Funds, we also manage and/or advise certain separately managed accounts (collectively, the “Managed Accounts”), some of which are structured as private funds. From time to time, we may launch, sponsor, or provide investment advisory services to other pooled investment vehicles or managed accounts. We refer to the Permian Funds and the Managed Accounts, collectively, as “Client Accounts,” or more generally, with other potential clients, as “clients.” As an investment adviser, we provide discretionary investment management services and design, structure, and implement investment strategies for our clients. Pursuant to our investment advisory agreements with each of the Permian Funds and the Managed Accounts, we provide advisory services and manage client assets in accordance with one or more of our established investment strategies. Any restrictions on investing in certain securities, types of securities, or any geographic areas or industry sectors will be specified in the investment advisory agreement with, or offering documents of, the relevant client. See “Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss” for a detailed discussion of our strategies. B. Wrap Fee Programs We do not participate in wrap fee programs. C. Regulatory Assets Under Management As of December 31, 2025, we had $2,433,351,619 in regulatory assets under management on a discretionary basis and $0 assets under management on a non-discretionary basis. -4-
Item 5. Fees and compensation
FEES AND COMPENSATION A. Advisory Services and Fees In consideration of our advisory services, we and/or our affiliates generally are entitled to receive management fees and/or performance-based compensation from our clients. The fees applicable to each client are set forth in detail in the applicable governing and/or offering documents. Generally, our fees are payable in arrears, and we bill our fees, or directly deduct our fees from client accounts, on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis. Each client is generally responsible for all fees and expenses incurred, directly or indirectly, by or on behalf of such client, including, without limitation:
organizational and offering expenses, to the extent applicable,
directors’ fees and expenses, as applicable;
administration fees and expenses;
brokerage commissions and dealer spreads;
Read the rest of Item 5 (1,011 more words)
regulatory filing fees and expenses including Form PF, as applicable;
transaction-related fees and expenses;
all fees and expenses incurred in connection with any investment or potential investment, (including, all research expenses (including research-related travel, expert networks, research consultants, data bases and online data services), the cost of research reports and surveys relating to securities, issuers, market segments, or geographic regions, the cost of third-party pricing services, the costs of portfolio modeling and analysis, bank service fees, legal fees directly related to any investment and any withholding or transfer taxes);
legal, accounting, financial statement preparation and auditing fees and expenses;
tax audit costs, tax filing preparation costs including ASC 740 related consulting, taxes, and assessments;
costs related to the preparation, reproduction, and mailing of reports to partners or shareholders, as applicable;
expenses associated with compliance with applicable laws and regulations,;
custodial fees and insurance expenses including D&O/E&O insurance; and
extraordinary fees and expenses, if any, including, without limitation, any indemnification obligations.
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In connection with the above fees and expenses, the Feeder Funds pay a proportionate share of such fees and expenses incurred by the Master Fund into which such Feeder Funds invest. We do not receive a brokerage commission or other compensation attributable to the purchase or sale of securities or other investment products. See “Item 12 Brokerage Practices − Selection of Broker-Dealers and Reasonableness of Compensation” for a discussion of the factors considered in selecting or recommending brokerdealers for client transactions and determining the reasonableness of commissions and compensation for such broker-dealers. B. Expense Allocation The Adviser has adopted an expense allocation policy (the “Expense Allocation Policy”) to comply with its duties under the Advisers Act by providing for the fair, equitable and proper allocation of all such costs, fees and expenses incurred as part of the management of client assets. While certain expenses will be borne solely by the Firm, such as office space, computer equipment, regulatory compliance consultation, other expenses will be shared among our clients in accordance with the terms of the Expense Allocation Policy. All allocations of costs, fees and expenses will be made in accordance with the Expense Allocation Policy, subject at all times, to the discretion of the Chief Financial Officer. Our Expense Allocation Policy clarifies the expenses to be incurred by the Permian Funds, Managed Accounts or the Firm, or a combination thereof, in accordance with the offering documents of the applicable Permian Fund or the investment management agreement of the applicable Managed Account. Generally, each Permian Fund bears its proportionate share of all costs and expenses directly related to its investment program, including expenses related to proxies, underwriting and private placements, brokerage commissions, other trading related expenses, such as Bloomberg and third-party trade capture and/or execution systems or services, interest on debit balances or borrowings, custody fees, all research expenses (including data bases and online data services), the costs of research reports relating to securities, issuers, market segments or geographic regions, the cost of thirdparty pricing services, the costs of portfolio modeling and analysis, the costs of historical financial databases, and the costs of credit rating services, directors’ fees and expenses, insurance expenses (including, but not limited to, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance and errors and omissions insurance), bank service fees, any entity-level taxes, and any withholding or transfer taxes. In addition, the Permian Funds bear a disproportionate share of certain expenses (such as research-related travel and directors and officers/errors and omissions insurance expenses) to the extent the allocation of a portion of these types of expenses to other clients is not permitted by the applicable investment management agreement. Further details on the Adviser’s Expense Allocation Policy are available upon request. C. Payment of Fees Client Accounts are subject to the fees and expenses described below. Generally, management and performance fees and expenses are negotiable and may vary due to account size and other factors in our discretion. We have waived, and may in the future waive, management fees or performance allocations with respect to direct or indirect investments made by a client or our employees and affiliates.
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Managed Accounts Management fees are payable monthly or quarterly in arrears and range from 0.5% to 1.0% of assets under management. Performance fees are payable in arrears and are typically 10%-20% of net profits that exceed a benchmarked index. Pursuant to the terms of a client’s investment advisory agreement, if the investment advisory relationship is terminated as of any date other than the last business day of the applicable payment period, we typically charge a prorated management fee based on the ratio that the number of days for which investment advisory services were rendered bears to the total number of days in that payment period unless otherwise agreed to with a client. In the event that the investment advisory relationship is terminated other than at the end of a performance fee calculation period, such termination date shall typically be treated as the end of such period and any earned performance fees will be paid at that time. Permian Funds With respect to Permian Master Fund, LP, a management fee is payable to the Adviser by Permian Master Fund, LP monthly in arrears at an annual rate of 1.5% of the fund’s net asset value and its general partner, Permian GP, LLC, receives an annual incentive allocation, which is typically 20% of the Master Fund’s annual net profits, subject to a “high-water mark.” With respect to the Permian Nautilus Master Fund, LP, a management fee is payable to the Adviser by Permian Nautilus Master Fund, LP monthly in arrears at an annual rate of 1.0% of the fund’s net asset value and its general partner, Permian GP, LLC, receives an annual incentive allocation which is typically 20% of net performance that exceeds a designated benchmarked index, subject to a “loss carryforward” for any “underperformance”. Permian GP, LLC, the general partner of the Permian Treble Master Fund, LP, receives an annual incentive allocation which is typically 25% of the net performance that exceeds a designated benchmarked index, subject to a “loss carryforward” for any “underperformance.”
Item 6. Performance-based fees and side-by-side management
PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT As noted in Item 5 above, we may receive performance-based fees or allocations with respect to certain Client Accounts (including the Permian Funds). Performance-based fees or allocations could motivate us to make investment decisions that are riskier or more speculative than would be the case if these arrangements were not in effect. The method of calculating the performance-based fees or allocations may result in conflicts of interest with respect to the management and disposition of investments, including the sequence of dispositions.
Read the rest of Item 6 (199 more words)
In addition, because performance-based fees or allocations may be calculated on a basis that includes both realized and unrealized appreciation in portfolios based upon values assigned by us, we face a conflict of interest in valuing those portfolios. Our individual employees and affiliates who are compensated to some extent based upon trading profits for which they are responsible face the
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same potential conflicts. We address these conflicts through full and fair disclosure in applicable offering documents and/or this brochure. In the allocation of investment opportunities, performance-based fee or allocation arrangements may also create an incentive for us to favor accounts with performance or incentive fee or allocation arrangements, or accounts with higher performance or incentive fee or allocation arrangements, over accounts that do not have such arrangements or that have lower fee or allocation arrangements. Such side-by-side management could motivate us to favor accounts for which we or our employees or affiliates receive performance-based fees or allocations over other accounts for which such fees are not payable. We attempt to address these conflicts by, among other things, adhering to objective allocation policies and procedures and routinely reviewing such allocation policies and procedures, and through disclosure in this brochure.
Item 7. Types of clients
TYPES OF CLIENTS We currently provide investment advisory services to the Permian Funds and Managed Accounts. Interests in the Permian Funds and Managed Accounts are offered to eligible investors, including high net worth individuals, financially sophisticated individual and institutional investors, including trusts, estates, or charitable organizations, endowments, sovereign wealth funds, pension and profit sharing plans and comingled investment vehicles. Investors in the Permian Funds generally make minimum initial subscriptions ranging from $1,000,000 to $25,000,000, depending upon the Permian Fund, and any additional subscriptions are also generally made according to established minimums.
Read the rest of Item 7 (155 more words)
In addition, investors in the Permian Funds must meet certain prescribed criteria, including, as applicable, being an “accredited investor,” as defined in Rule 501(a) of Regulation D, promulgated pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended; a “qualified purchaser” as defined in Section 2(a)(51)(A) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Company Act”); and a “qualified client” as defined in Rule 205-3 of the Advisers Act. The minimum investment amounts and investor criteria are set forth in the offering documents of each Permian Fund. We may, in our sole discretion, waive any of the minimum account requirements. Managed Account clients generally are required to sign investment management agreements that, among other things, set forth the nature and scope of our investment management authority and the investment objectives, guidelines, restrictions, and limitations applicable to the client. In addition, Managed Account clients generally are required to satisfy certain suitability requirements.
Item 8. Methods of analysis, investment strategies and risk of loss
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With respect to the Permian Funds, we apply a combination of fundamental and technical analyses for equity and equity-like securities and portfolio construction. Our objective for the Permian Master Fund is to achieve absolute returns and, in the case of the Managed Accounts and Permian Nautilus Master Fund, to achieve returns in excess of a selected index in U.S. Dollars across market cycles through the implementation of a Western European-focused, valueoriented and event-driven equity long/short strategy or long only strategy, as applicable.
Read the rest of Item 8 (3,460 more words)
Our approach to value investing centers around identifying original and contrarian investment opportunities by systematically tracking and accessing proven and incentivized management teams who possess a variant perception of the sustainable earnings power of a business, which is typically the motivating factor behind their decision to accept the position at the outset. Generally, we will employ a “needle-in-a-haystack” approach, primarily targeting small-cap to medium-cap international publicly traded companies in mature markets with what we believe to be minimum market capitalization restrictions and straight-forward business models, continually screening what we believe to be the maximum number of appropriate opportunities. Our primary focus will be on the quality and competence of management teams. Ideas are generated through the following methods: our proprietary screening and research portal (see description below) and quarterly management surveys (Permian’s CEO network recommends new, high-quality CEOs). Permian has developed and refined a systematic qualitative screening process that is designed to filter information to highlight potential ideas and opportunities, pre-selected based on qualitative management-centric inputs. Permian believes this process facilitates more efficient resource allocation tailored to Permian’s management-centric investment strategy. Each Feeder Fund invests substantially all of its assets into the Master Funds. If deemed appropriate, the investment objective, investment restrictions and/or investment guidelines of the Master Funds may be altered if, due to a change in current market conditions and/or a change in other systemic factors negatively affecting the investment objective of the Master Funds, we believe that such investment objective, investment restriction and/or investment guideline is no longer in the best interests of the Master Funds. Generally, the Master Funds are expected to pursue a strategy as described above. The Permian Master Fund, LP has both long and short investments as well as selected derivative positions. The Permian Nautilus Master Fund, LP has only long investments as well as selected derivative positions. Managed Accounts primarily invest in long positions; however, the composition of each portfolio depends on the specific investment mandate and limitations set forth in the applicable investment management agreement. Certain Managed Accounts may engage in short selling and/or trading in derivative instruments consistent with their investment strategies. The Permian Treble Master Fund, LP is a long-only concentrated fund focusing on a select number of the most compelling European and U.S. opportunities within a limited number of equity positions. Risk of Loss Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear. More specifically, investing in assets managed pursuant to our strategies set forth above involves the below material risks. Because these risk factors are not a complete list or explanation of all of the risks to investors in the Permian Funds or Managed Accounts, all such investors should read this
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brochure and any investment advisory agreement or offering document of the particular Permian Fund or Managed Account before making an investment. Risk Factors Investment and Trading Risks. An investment with us involves a high degree of risk, including the risk that the entire amount invested may be lost. We invest in and actively trade securities using strategies and investment techniques with significant risk characteristics, including risks arising from the volatility of the global equity markets, the risks of leverage, and the risk of loss from counterparty defaults. No guarantee or representation is made that our investment program will be successful. In addition, investment results may vary substantially over time. Investment Judgment. The profitability of a significant portion of our investment program depends to a great extent upon correctly assessing the future course of the price movements of securities and other investments. There can be no assurance that we will be able to predict accurately these price movements. Market Risk and General Economic Conditions. Market risk is a factor in any investment, and during the last several years, a high level of volatility in the financial markets has increased risk generally. Continued volatility could disrupt our investment strategy, decrease the value of our clients’ portfolios, and adversely impact profitability. In addition, geopolitical developments, including military conflicts, political instability, and economic sanctions in regions such as Eastern Europe and the Middle East, may contribute to market volatility, disruptions in global supply chains, energy market fluctuations, and broader economic uncertainty, which could adversely affect investment performance. Financial Institution Risk and Distress Events. Client Accounts are exposed to risks associated with financial institutions (“Financial Institutions”), including banks, brokers, counterparties, lenders, and custodians. A Financial Institution’s failure to perform its obligations due to insolvency, closure, receivership, or financial distress (“Distress Events”) could limit Client Accounts’ access to deposits, credit, or other critical services, potentially resulting in financial losses or operational disruptions. While U.S. institutions may offer limited protections through the FDIC or SIPC, uninsured amounts remain at risk, and non-U.S. institutions may provide no such protections. Government interventions in past crises have mitigated some losses, but future actions are uncertain and may not prevent financial harm, delays, or broader market instability. Distress Events may impair the Firm’s ability to manage Client Accounts, disrupt operations, and result in losses, including the inability to acquire, dispose of, or fairly value investments. Client Accounts may face additional costs or delays in securing alternative banking or brokerage arrangements, which may be less favorable. While the Firm seeks to engage creditworthy Financial Institutions, it is not obligated to diversify relationships or limit exposure to insured amounts. Additionally, Client Accounts are subject to similar risks if Financial Institutions used by investors, vendors, or service providers experience a Distress Event.
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Illiquidity. Investments made by our clients may be illiquid and, consequently, we may not be able to sell such investments at prices that reflect our assessment of their value or the amount paid for such investments. With respect to the Permian Funds, we may make distributions in kind of securities in lieu of, or in addition to, cash distributions. The securities distributed in kind may be illiquid or subject to legal, contractual and other restrictions on transfer. Leverage. We may create leverage through the use of instruments that have inherent leverage, such as options and other derivative instruments. Derivatives. Derivative instruments or “derivatives” may include futures, options, swaps, structured securities and other instruments and contracts that are derived from, or the value of which is related to, one or more underlying securities, financial benchmarks, currencies, or indices. Derivatives allow an investor to hedge or speculate upon the price movements of a particular security, financial benchmark currency, or index at a fraction of the cost of investing in the underlying asset. The value of a derivative depends largely upon price movements in the underlying asset. Therefore, many of the risks applicable to trading the underlying asset are also applicable to derivatives of such asset. However, there are a number of other risks associated with derivatives trading. For example, because many derivatives provide inherent leverage and thus provide significantly more market exposure than the money actually paid or deposited when the transaction is entered into, a relatively small adverse market movement may result in the loss of the entire investment as well as expose our clients’ accounts to the possibility of a loss exceeding the original amount invested. Derivatives may also expose investors to liquidity risk (there may not be a liquid market within which to close or dispose of outstanding derivatives contracts) and counterparty risk. Counterparty risk lies with each party with which we contract for the purpose of making derivative investments. In the event of the counterparty’s default, our clients’ accounts would rank merely as an unsecured creditor and would risk the loss of all or a portion of the amounts it is contractually entitled to receive. Options. Our investment program generally involves trading in a limited number of equity options. Investing in options can provide a greater potential for profit or loss than an equivalent investment in the underlying asset. The value of an option may decline because of a change in the value of the underlying asset relative to the strike price, the passage of time, changes in the market’s perception as to the future price behavior of the underlying asset, or any combination thereof. In the case of the purchase of an option, the risk of loss of an investor’s entire investment (i.e. the premium paid plus transaction charges) reflects the nature of an option as a wasting asset that may become worthless when the option expires. Where an option is written or granted (i.e. sold) uncovered, the seller may be liable to pay substantial additional margin, and the risk of loss is unlimited, as the seller will be obligated to deliver, or take delivery of, an asset at a predetermined price which may, upon exercise of the option, be significantly different from the market value. Investment in Foreign Securities. Our investment program involves significant trading in foreign securities. Investments in foreign securities involve certain factors not typically associated with investing in U.S. securities, such as risks relating to (a) differences between the U.S. and foreign securities markets, including the absence of uniform accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards; greater price volatility; less liquid markets; the absence of uniform -11-
industry practices and disclosure requirements; higher transaction costs; and less governmental supervision and regulation than exists in the U.S.; (b) political, social, or economic instability in certain countries in which we may trade; (c) expropriation and the imposition of foreign income, withholding, or other taxes; (d) less developed bankruptcy laws; and (e) difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations. Foreign companies are also subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting requirements that may differ, in some cases significantly, from those applicable to U.S. companies. In many countries, reporting requirements are considerably less strict than those in the United States. Also, there is generally less publicly available information about certain European companies than there are reports and ratings published about comparable U.S. companies, and companies in these jurisdictions are often less willing to provide potential investors the types of financial and other disclosures required or customary for U.S. issuers. In addition, foreign investments may be subject to foreign taxes, including withholding taxes. All distributions to clients will be made net of any applicable taxes (including any corporate, foreign, local and withholding taxes). Non-U.S. Trade Policy. If the U.S. federal government continues to make significant changes in U.S. trade policy, including imposing tariffs on certain goods and raw materials imported into the U.S., such actions may trigger retaliatory actions by the affected countries, resulting in “trade wars,” which may cause increased costs for goods and raw materials imported into the U.S., or in trading partners limiting their trade with businesses in the U.S., either of which may have material adverse effects on the operations of issuers in which Client Accounts invest. Such trade wars may cause significant losses for our clients’ portfolios. Denomination of Investment in Foreign Currencies. Investments denominated in a foreign currency may be subject to the risk that the value of a particular currency will change in relation to one or more other currencies. Among the factors that may affect currency values are trade balances, the level of short-term interest rates, differences in relative values of similar assets in different currencies, long-term opportunities for investment and capital appreciation, and political developments. Fluctuations in the rate of exchange between the U.S. dollar (the currency in which the books of the Permian Funds and Managed Accounts are maintained) and the various foreign currencies in which portfolio securities are denominated pose the risk of increased costs, including costs associated with the conversion of investment principal and income from one currency into another. Limited Diversification. Our clients’ portfolios will not be widely diversified and may be subject to more rapid changes in value than would be the case if we were required to maintain greater diversification among industries, issuers, geographical location of issuers, and types of securities. Master-Feeder Structure. The Permian Funds generally invest through a “masterfeeder” structure. Although a common investment fund structure, a “master-feeder” structure presents certain unique risks to investors. For example, a smaller feeder fund investing in a master fund may be materially affected by the actions of a larger feeder fund investing in such master fund. If a larger feeder fund withdraws all or a significant portion of its assets from such master fund, any remaining feeder funds may experience higher pro rata share of operating expenses, which may have a material adverse effect on returns.
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Reliance on Key Persons. Client Accounts will be substantially dependent on the services of Alex Duran and Scott Hendrickson. With respect to Messrs. Duran and Hendrickson, in the event of any of their death, disability, departure, or insolvency, or the complete transfer of their interest in the Adviser, our business may be materially and adversely affected. Messrs. Duran and Hendrickson will devote such time and effort as they deem reasonably necessary for the management and administration of our business. However, Messrs. Duran and Hendrickson may engage in various other business activities in addition to managing Client Accounts. Valuations. Valuation of clients’ securities and other investments (which will indirectly determine the amount of our management and performance fees) may involve uncertainties and judgmental determinations, and if such valuations should prove to be incorrect, clients’ capital accounts/share value could be adversely affected. Independent pricing information may not be available at times with respect to certain of our clients’ securities and other investments. Accordingly, while we will use our best efforts to value all client investments fairly, certain investments may be difficult to value and may be subject to varying interpretations of value and on certain occasions may have to be valued by us. Legal, Tax and Regulatory Risks. Legal, tax and regulatory changes could occur which may adversely affect us or our clients. For example, the regulatory and tax environment for derivative instruments is evolving, and changes in the regulation or taxation of derivative instruments may adversely affect the value of derivative instruments held by clients and our ability to pursue our investment strategies. Similarly, the regulatory environment is generally evolving, and changes in the direct or indirect regulation governing our clients or us may adversely affect our ability to pursue our investment strategies. Absence of Regulatory Oversight. While the Permian Funds may be considered similar to an investment company, the Permian Funds are excluded from the definition of an “investment company” under the Company Act, currently have no intention of registering as an investment company. Accordingly, the provisions of the Company Act (which require, among other matters, investment companies to have disinterested directors, require securities held in custody to at all times be individually segregated from the securities of any other persons and marked to clearly identify such securities as the property of such investment company and regulate the relationship between the adviser and the investment company) will not be afforded to clients or underlying investors. Investment Flexibility. The applicable operative documents of the Permian Funds have given us broad and flexible investment authority. In particular, we are not required to invest any particular percentage of the Permian Funds in any type of investment, sector or region, and the amount of the Permian Funds which is invested in any type of investment, which is long or short, or which is weighted in different countries or different sectors can change at any time based on the availability of attractive market opportunities. Accordingly, at any time, we may have significant investments in strategies, sectors or instruments not specifically described herein and which therefore present risks which are not specifically described herein. Concentrated Investment Risk. Some Permian Funds’ investment strategies are concentrated and therefore less diversified and may experience wider fluctuations in value than if they were subject to broader diversification requirements. For example, certain investment -13-
strategies will focus on a small number of issuers, industries, or regions. A decline in the market value of a particular security that may be held in a higher allocation by a particular strategy is likely to affect the strategy’s performance more than if the strategy invested in a larger number of issuers that are held in a lower allocation. Inflation/Deflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from Client Accounts investments will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the present value of payments at future dates. Deflation risk is the risk that prices throughout the economy decline over time — the opposite of inflation. Deflation may have an adverse effect on the creditworthiness of issuers and may make issuer default more likely, which may result in a decline in the value of the Permian Funds’ and Managed Accounts portfolios. Cyber Security Breaches and Identity Theft. The information and technology systems of the Firm its service providers and portfolio companies may be vulnerable to damage or interruption from computer viruses, network failures, computer and telecommunication failures, infiltration by unauthorized persons, other security breaches and/or usage errors by their respective professionals. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to data, disable or degrade service or sabotage systems change frequently and may be difficult to detect for long periods of time. Hardware or software acquired from third parties may contain defects in design or manufacture or other problems that could unexpectedly compromise information security. Risks of Artificial Intelligence (“AI”). The Firm and its affiliates, clients, issuers of securities in which the clients invest, and service providers may utilize machine learning technologies in various operational aspects, including to complement or summarize investment research findings. AI and machine learning technology are generally highly reliant on the collection and analysis of large amounts of data, and it may not be possible or practicable to incorporate all relevant data into the models that AI and machine learning technology utilize to operate. Certain data in such models will inevitably contain a degree of inaccuracy and error (potentially materially so) and could otherwise be inadequate or flawed, which would be likely to degrade the effectiveness of AI and machine learning technology. To the extent that the Permian Funds, Managed Accounts or their investments are exposed to the risks of AI and machine learning technology use, any such inaccuracies or errors could have adverse impacts on our clients’ portfolios. AI and machine learning technology and their applications, including in the private investment and financial sectors, continue to develop rapidly, and it is impossible to predict the future risks that may arise from such developments. Recent technological advances in AI and machine learning technology pose risks to the Firm and its affiliates, clients, issuers of securities in which the clients invest, and service providers, each of which could be exposed to the risks of AI and machine learning technology if third-party service providers or any counterparties, whether or not known to the Firm, use AI or machine learning technology in their business activities. Threat actors may leverage AI to engage increasingly complex and sophisticated cyberattacks which will increase the cybersecurity and privacy risks of Client Accounts. The Firm will not be in a position to control the use of AI or machine learning technology in third-party products or services. Use of AI and machine learning technology could include the input of confidential information (including material non-public information) in contravention of non-disclosure agreements or other obligations or restrictions to which any of the foregoing or any of their affiliates or -14-
representatives are subject, or otherwise in violation of applicable laws or regulations relating to treatment of confidential and/or personally identifiable information (including material nonpublic information), resulting in such confidential information becoming part of a dataset or models accessible by other third-party AI and machine learning technology applications and users. Epidemics, Pandemics, and Public Health Issues. Our business activities, as well as those of our clients and their operations and investments, could be adversely affected by the outbreaks of epidemics and pandemics, such as Coronavirus, Ebola, H1N1 flu, H7N9 flu, H5N1 flu, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, or SARS, or others. Specifically, Coronavirus, or COVID-19, negatively affected the global economy and the stock market in recent years. Future outbreaks of epidemics or pandemics could cause volatility in the U.S. and global financial markets, negatively affect vendors on which Client Accounts and the Firm rely, and disrupt the ability of such vendors to perform essential tasks. An outbreak or recurrence of any kind of epidemic, communicable disease or virus or major public health issue could cause a slowdown in the levels of economic activity generally, which would adversely affect the Firm’s business, financial condition and operations and that of Client Accounts. The foregoing list of risk factors does not purport to be a complete enumeration or explanation of the risks associated with the Permian Funds or Managed Accounts. Prospective clients should carefully review the applicable offering materials or investment advisory agreement and consult with their own financial, legal, tax and other advisers.
Item 9. Disciplinary information
DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION To the best of our knowledge, there are no legal or disciplinary events that we believe would be material to our clients’ or prospective clients’ evaluation of our advisory business or the integrity of our management.
Item 10. Other financial industry activities and affiliations
OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS A. Broker-Dealer Registration Neither the Firm nor our management personnel (i) are registered as broker-dealers or (ii) have any application pending to register with the SEC as a broker-dealer or registered representative of a broker-dealer.
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B. Futures Commission Merchant, Commodity Pool Operator, or Commodity Trading Advisor Registration The Firm relies upon CFTC Regulation 4.13(a)(3) as an exemption from registration as a commodity pool operator and CFTC Regulation 4.14(a)(8) as an exemption from registration as a commodity trading advisor. C.
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Material Relationships and Conflicts of Interests with Industry Participants Our relationships and arrangements with our various clients and other industry participants are material to our advisory business and may raise conflicts of interest. Below is a description of some of the conflicts of interest arising from such relationships and arrangements. Because this is not an exhaustive list of all of the potential conflicts of interest associated with the conduct of our investment advisory business, clients should read this brochure, any investment advisory agreement and the applicable offering documents of Client Accounts before making an investment with us. We provide investment advisory services to Client Accounts. In addition, we may act as the investment manager or general partner to other investment vehicles and accounts in the future. There is no limit on the number of investment vehicles or accounts that we may manage or advise. As a result, we may have conflicts of interest in (i) allocating the time and resources of our personnel between and among clients; (ii) allocating investment opportunities between and among clients (see Item 6 – “Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management”); and (iii) effecting transactions between clients, including clients in which we or our personnel or affiliates may have different financial interests. Permian GP, LLC has created a special class of membership interests to hold a membership interest in Helium-3 Ventures Management Company, LLC and Helium-3 Ventures Fund I GP, LLC (from which Permian GP, LLC will receive carried interest). The holders of that special class of interests are also limited partners in the Adviser. This special class of membership interests of Permian GP, LLC represents less than 25% of the equity of, and does not control, Helium-3 Ventures Management Company. Helium-3 Ventures Management Company is operationally independent from the Adviser. To address potential conflicts of interests in our material relationships, we have adopted policies and procedures, including a code of ethics (the “Code of Ethics”). Under the Code of Ethics, in general, all of our personnel, including directors, officers, and employees, must put the interests of our clients first, and must act honestly and fairly in all respects in dealings with clients. Additionally, under such policies and procedures, no client may receive preferential treatment over any other client. In allocating investment opportunities and securities among clients, it is our policy that over time all clients should be treated fairly and should receive equivalent treatment to the extent possible. To that end, we review our client portfolios periodically to consider the investment strategy and criteria, position sizing, allocations and portfolio construction guidelines. With respect to the selection of broker-dealers, we allocate portfolio transactions to brokers based on best execution and in consideration of such brokers’ provision or payment of -16-
the costs of research and other services. For a more detailed discussion of the factors that we consider in selecting or recommending broker-dealers for client transactions, please see Item 12 “Brokerage Practices.” The Code of Ethics requires the disclosure of all material facts concerning any actual, apparent or potential conflicts of interest, and requires us and our personnel to follow appropriate procedures designed to minimize any such conflict. See Item 11 – “Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading.” D. Material Conflicts of Interest Relating to Other Investment Advisers Except as disclosed in this Item 10, we do not recommend or select other investment advisers for our clients.
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Item 11. Code of ethics, participation in client transactions and personal trading
CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS AND PERSONAL TRADING A. Code of Ethics Our Code of Ethics is based on the principle that we, and each of our personnel, owe a fiduciary duty to our clients and a duty to comply with federal and state securities laws and all other applicable laws. These duties include the obligation of all personnel to conduct their personal securities transactions in a manner that does not interfere with the transactions of any client or otherwise to take unfair advantage of their relationship with clients. As such, we have prohibited all employees from transacting personally in any equity securities without prior written approval.
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Among other things, the Code of Ethics requires regular reporting of personal securities transactions by certain personnel. Additionally, we maintain a restricted list of certain issuers whose securities our personnel and Client Accounts are not permitted to trade without prior approval of the Chief Compliance Officer. We will provide a copy of the Code of Ethics to any client or investor and prospective client or prospective investor upon request. The Code of Ethics may be requested by contacting our Chief Compliance Officer, Britton Brown at (212) 257-6080 or bbrown@permianlp.com. B. Recommending, Buying, or Selling Securities in which We or a Related Person Have a Material Financial Interest, Invest, or Buy or Sell at the Same Time; Conflict of Interests Conflicts of interest may occur when one or more of the Permian Funds trade in the same security at or about the same time as our clients. A sale by our related persons or by us may affect the liquidity, value, or trading price of the securities that our clients continue to hold. In addition, the Adviser or its personnel have, and may in the future, invest in the Permian Funds, and, therefore, such persons may hold an indirect interest in the same securities as other investors in the Permian Funds. The Code of Ethics and our personal trading policy have been designed to limit conflicts of interest in cases where the Adviser or certain of its personnel, buy, sell or otherwise have an interest in, securities recommended to our clients. The Adviser or its affiliates may give advice and recommend securities to certain Client Accounts that may differ from advice given to, or securities recommended or bought for, other Client Accounts, even though their investment programs may be the same or similar. On limited occasions, the Adviser may enter into transactions in which we or an affiliate act as principal for our own account with respect to the sale of a security to or purchase of a security from another client – referred to as “principal transactions.” We maintain policies and procedures intended to limit any potential conflicts of interest inherent in cross trades or principal transactions and to ensure compliance with disclosure obligations. In limited circumstances, we may engage in cross trades between our clients, subject to the provisions of the relevant governing documents and applicable advisory agreement. The use -18-
of cross trades may increase the probability of completing a transaction at a better price by possibly avoiding an unfavorable price movement that may be created through our entrance into the market with a purchase or sell order. We have adopted an Insider Trading Policy that prohibits the Adviser and its personnel from trading for clients or for ourselves or themselves, or recommending trading, in securities of an issuer while in possession of material nonpublic information (“Inside Information”) about the issuer, and from disclosing such information to any person not entitled to receive it, in either case in contravention of applicable securities laws. By reason of our various activities, we may have access to Inside Information or be restricted from effecting transactions in certain investments that might otherwise have been initiated. We have adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to, among other things, control and monitor the communication of Inside Information to and within our organization, as well as prevent trading based on Inside Information. Notwithstanding such policies and procedures, there may be certain cases where we either may receive Inside Information due to our various activities on behalf of one or more clients or may be restricted in acting for clients, resulting in limited liquidity or using such information for the benefit of certain clients in specific securities. While we seek to minimize those cases whenever possible consistent with applicable law and our Insider Trading Policy, there can be no assurance that such efforts will be successful and such restrictions will not occur which may affect our ability to trade on behalf of clients. Personal Trading We believe restricting the personal trading of our personnel is one way of avoiding conflicts of interest between our clients and such personnel. Our personal trading policy is part of our Code of Ethics. Generally, the Code of Ethics prohibits personnel from effecting transactions in any security position other than mutual funds, ETFs, ETNs, money market funds, U.S. Treasury bonds or bills, certificate of deposits or cryptocurrencies, unless the employee has received prior written approval or delegated trading discretion to an independent third-party manager. In addition, personnel covered by the personal trading policy must provide the Chief Compliance Officer or his designee with (i) their securities holdings at the commencement of employment and annually thereafter and (ii) quarterly transaction reports or quarterly brokerage statements or duplicate trade confirmations. In addition, we maintain a list of restricted securities that the Firm and its personnel are prohibited from trading. The restricted list is composed of companies or issuers about which a determination has been made that it is prudent to restrict trading activity. All Firm personnel are required to observe such trading activity prohibitions or restrictions.
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Item 12. Brokerage practices
BROKERAGE PRACTICES Pursuant to each client’s investment advisory agreement or other similar agreement, we are generally authorized to select the broker or dealer to effect transactions on behalf of our clients. Our selection of the broker or dealer may be tailored to a particular client’s investment guidelines or restrictions. Accordingly, portfolio transactions will be allocated to brokers based on best execution and in consideration of such broker’s provision or payment of the costs of research and other services. A. Selection of Broker-Dealers and Reasonableness of Compensation Consistent with our fiduciary duties, we have an obligation to seek the best price and execution of client securities transactions when we are in a position to direct brokerage transactions.
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While not defined by statute or regulation, “best execution” generally means the execution of client trades at the best net price considering all relevant circumstances. We have retained third-party outsourced trading platforms (each, an “Outsourced Trader”) to assist with facilitating the execution of transactions. The Outsourced Trader will have the responsibility for the transmission of orders and instructions to purchase or sell securities and other financial instruments on our behalf. Utilizing its proprietary routing system, the Outsourced Trader will use execution venues, including certain designated electronic communication networks, unaffiliated broker-dealers, securities exchanges, alternative trading systems, and affiliates of the Outsourced Trader. We still retain discretionary authority for investments and setting the general parameters around allocation, commissions generated and trades to be executed. We will place trades for execution only with approved brokers or dealers. Some of the following factors may be considered in selecting and approving brokers-dealers that may be used to execute trades include, but are not limited to: 1.
the ability to achieve prompt and reliable executions at favorable prices;
2.
the competitiveness of commission rates in comparison with other brokers satisfying our overall selection criteria;
3.
the overall direct net economic result to clients’ assets;
4.
the broker-dealer’s clearance and settlement capabilities;
5.
the operational efficiency with which transactions are effected;
6.
the financial strength, integrity and stability of the broker;
7.
the ability to effect the transaction where a large block or other complicating factors are involved; and
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8.
the quality, comprehensiveness and frequency of available research and related services considered to be of value, as contemplated by Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Section 28(e)”), and the regulations and interpretations of the SEC related thereto.
The Firm’s Best Execution Committee and Outsourced Trader are responsible for due diligence on best execution, including ensuring that we meet our best execution obligations, updating our best execution procedures whenever appropriate, and considering any other best execution issues identified by such persons. Such persons will generally meet on a quarterly basis to review the approved broker list and to evaluate the aggregate commissions paid to each broker. Minutes will be kept for each such meeting, which will identify the issues considered and any decisions reached. 1.
Research and Other Soft Dollar Arrangements
Our policy is to only use “soft” or commission dollars to obtain products or services consistent with Section 28(e). Section 28(e) provides a “safe harbor” to investment managers that use commission dollars of their advised accounts to obtain investment research and brokerage services that provide lawful and appropriate assistance to the investment manager in performing investment decision-making responsibilities. Conduct outside of this safe harbor is subject to the traditional standards of fiduciary duty under state and federal law. Items for which we may use soft dollars that fall within Section 28(e), include:
research seminars and similar programs (however, travel expenses, meals and hotel accommodations are not included);
computer analyses of securities portfolios;
economic factors and trends as well as political analysis; and
third-party research, provided that the broker is contractually obligated to pay the provider of the service or products and does not merely act as a conduit to pass on an adviser’s commissions to the provider of the services to satisfy the adviser’s obligation.
We are not obligated to seek the lowest transaction charge, except to the extent that it contributes to the overall goal of obtaining the best execution for clients. A higher transaction charge on exchange and over-the-counter trades may be determined reasonable in light of the value of the brokerage execution and research products and services provided to us for the benefit of our clients. We may effect portfolio transactions through broker-dealers furnishing these services even though the commissions charged for the transactions may be higher than the commissions another broker would have charged for effecting the same transactions. We are not able to determine the specific dollar value of any research products and services or brokerage services obtained with clients’ commission dollars. We will make a good faith determination that the amount of commission paid is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research products and services provided. We may use the research products and services furnished by broker-dealers in servicing all of our clients, including for client accounts other than those that -21-
pay the commissions to the brokers that arrange for such research or other services; not all such products and services will be used exclusively for the benefit of the clients that pay the brokerage commissions. Research services may include:
advice as to the value of securities, the advisability of investing in, purchasing or selling securities, and the availability of securities or purchasers or seller of securities;
analyses and reports concerning issuers, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy, and the performance of accounts;
market data, stock quotes, last sale prices, and trading volumes; and
introductions to senior management of current and prospective portfolio investments.
We may from time to time enter into formal or informal arrangements with certain brokers (“Soft Dollar Brokers”) whereby the provision of research or brokerage execution services is explicitly dependent on the level of commissions and underwriting concessions generated by Client Accounts. In selecting Soft Dollar Brokers, we will consider the capabilities of the Soft Dollar Broker to provide best execution. Using soft dollars to obtain investment research and/or brokerage related services creates a potential conflict of interest between an adviser and its clients because the soft dollars may be used to acquire products and services that are not exclusively for the benefit of the Client Accounts that generated the commissions and may primarily or exclusively benefit the adviser. Research services received from Soft Dollar Brokers will be used to supplement and augment our own research capabilities and will directly assist us in our investment decisionmaking process. Soft Dollar Brokers also may provide execution-related products and services, including trade execution and electronic access to broker networks, in exchange for commission business. 2.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
In selecting or recommending broker-dealers, we may consider whether we, or any of our affiliates, receive client or investor referrals from a broker-dealer or other third party. While we have not entered into any formal arrangement with a broker-dealer that we use to effect client transactions with respect to client or investor referrals, to the extent that we enter into any such arrangements or otherwise consider referral activities (including the ability to speak at or attend capital introduction events), we may have an incentive to select or recommend a broker-dealer based on our interest in receiving such capital introductions, rather than on our clients’ interest in receiving most favorable execution. In the last fiscal year, we have not directed client transactions to a particular broker-dealer in return for client or investor referrals. 3.
Directed Brokerage
“Directed brokerage” refers to instances in which a client retains the discretion to choose brokers and instructs the Adviser to direct portfolio transactions to a particular broker-dealer. We -22-
do not have any directed brokerage arrangements at this time. A Managed Account client may direct us to effect all (or a specified percentage of) securities transactions in the client’s account through a specific broker-dealer in the future. We would generally negotiate commissions for transactions with such brokers unless instructed otherwise by the Managed Account client. If we are directed to use a particular broker (regardless of whether we negotiate the commission rates), we may not be able to obtain the same price and execution that may be available if we were free to determine the broker best able to execute the particular transaction. Before accepting a directed brokerage arrangement for a Managed Account, we seek to ensure such Managed Account’s instructions are clear and unambiguous and inform the particular client in writing that: 1.
we assume no responsibility for negotiating commission rates and other transaction costs with the directed broker;
2.
although the Managed Account has selected a directed broker, we will not be required to effect any transaction through the directed broker if we reasonably believe that to do so may result in a breach of our duties to the Managed Account;
3.
by instructing us to execute all transactions through the directed broker, the Managed Account may not obtain commission rates and execution as favorable as would be the case if we were able to place transactions with other broker-dealers;
4.
the Managed Account may forego benefits that we may be able to obtain through, for example, negotiating volume discounts or aggregating or bunching trades; and
5.
directed brokerage trades may be placed by us after trades for other Managed Accounts or the Permian Funds in similar securities executed through us.
B. Aggregating Orders for Various Client Accounts We may aggregate orders of Client Accounts for trade execution and thereafter allocate the securities on an average price basis to the applicable Client Accounts. More specifically, each client that participates in an aggregated order placed on the same trading day will participate at the average share price for all of our transactions of the aggregate order in that security or other instrument on a given business day and transaction costs will be shared pro rata based on each client’s participation in the transaction. No client will be favored over any other client as a result of such aggregation. Brokerage commission rates may not be reduced because of such aggregation. In some instances, average pricing may result in higher or lower execution prices then otherwise obtainable by a single client. We believe that our aggregation policy is consistent with our duty to seek best execution for all our clients. In general, in the event that we are unable to purchase the entire allotment required to satisfy any such aggregated orders (e.g. the total amount of securities purchased is less than the amount requested in such order), we will allocate such securities as “partial fills” among the purchasing accounts in proportion to the relative sizes of the initial orders.
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Item 13. Review of accounts
REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS A. Periodic Review of Client Accounts The portfolio manager reviews periodic reports and statement summaries of the assets of Client Accounts on at least a quarterly basis. These reports and statements are reviewed to ensure conformity with each client’s investment objectives and appropriate asset allocation and to monitor changes to performance of individual securities. B. Additional Review of Client Accounts While the portfolio manager generally conducts reviews of Client Accounts on at least a quarterly basis, we may conduct additional or more frequent reviews in the event of certain material events. In the case of the Permian Funds, certain material events would include, but not be limited to, withdrawals or contributions of capital by an investor.
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In addition, the operations team may review Managed Accounts on a periodic basis to ensure that any applicable account restrictions are being followed. C. Contents and Frequency of Account Reports to Clients Investors in the Permian Funds typically receive the following written reports: (i) annually audited financial statements prepared by a certified public accounting firm; (ii) monthly unaudited statements and reports regarding investment performance; and (iii) if applicable, annual tax information necessary for completion of the tax returns. Investors in Managed Accounts receive reports as specified in the particular investment advisory agreement with respect to such Managed Account. We may periodically send newsletters or other information to investors in the Permian Funds and owners of Managed Accounts. Upon request, certain clients or investors may receive additional information and reporting (written or verbal) which other clients or investors may not automatically receive, and such information may affect the decision of a client or investor to request a withdrawal from its account. It is our policy to provide information to all investors on an equal basis. If an investor seeks to receive information of the type provided to other investors, we typically will honor such request to the extent legally permissible.
Item 14. Client referrals and other compensation
CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION We do not receive an economic benefit from any third party for providing investment advice or other advisory services to our clients. Additionally, we do not directly or indirectly compensate any person for client referrals.
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Item 15. Custody
CUSTODY We are deemed to have custody of the funds and/or securities of the Permian Funds. In accordance with Rule 206(4)-2 under the Advisers Act, the cash and securities of the Permian Funds are generally held with one or more qualified custodians (to the extent required pursuant to Rule 206(4)-2). We can change the custodians at any time and from time to time without the consent of investors. Qualified custodians do not provide account statements directly to investors. We have engaged an independent public accountant to conduct an annual audit of each of the Permian Funds. Audited financial statements generally are provided to each investor in the Permian Funds within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year.
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The administrators of the Permian Funds also prepare a monthly statement of the net asset value of the capital accounts of investors in the Permian Funds. The resulting monthly statements are the basis of the respective monthly performance records of such investor accounts. After our review, the statements are distributed to Permian Fund investors. The monthly performance data is net of all fees and expenses and reflects the performance of the respective investor. We do not have custody of the cash or securities of any of the Managed Accounts.
Item 16. Investment discretion
INVESTMENT DISCRETION At the outset of an advisory relationship, we generally receive discretionary authority from a client to select the identity and amount of securities to be purchased and sold by the client. In other words, we have investment discretion to manage securities accounts on behalf of Client Accounts. We exercise this investment discretion in a manner consistent with the stated investment objectives of the particular client, which are contained in the applicable offering documents and/or investment advisory agreement. When selecting securities and assessing potential investments, we observe the investment policies, limitations, and restrictions of each client as stated in the applicable investment advisory agreement or other applicable agreements or offering documents.
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Our clients may place limitations on our investment authority, including, without limitation, designating types of permitted investments or prohibiting certain types of investments. See “Item 4 - Advisory Business” for a discussion of our advisory business and services.
Item 17. Voting client securities
VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES We have, and expect to continue to accept, the authority to vote our client’s securities. As such, we have adopted policies and corresponding procedures to comply with Rule 206(4)-6 of the Advisers Act and with our fiduciary obligations (such policies and procedures, the “Proxy -25-
Voting Policies”). We recognize that the act of managing assets of clients consisting of common stock includes the voting of proxies related to the stock. Our clients may not direct our vote on a particular solicitation. The Proxy Voting Policies are designed to ensure that when we vote proxies with respect to our client’s securities or other instruments, such proxies are voted in the best interests of our clients.
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Our proxy voting process is the same for all Client Accounts where the client has given us proxy voting authority. Our general policy is to vote proxy proposals in a manner that serves the best interests of our clients, as we determine in our discretion, by taking into account the factors we deem relevant, which may include:
the impact on the value of the securities;
the anticipated costs and benefits associated with the proposal;
the effect on liquidity; and
the usual and customary industry and business practices.
We generally expect to vote proxies in accordance with the recommendations of company management, as we believe that management usually knows more about the company than passive shareholders. However, there may be many complexities to proxy votes, and we will vote against a proposal or recommendation of management if we believe that such a vote is in the best interests of our clients. Generally, proxy votes will be cast in favor of proposals that:
maintain or strengthen the shared interests of shareholders and management;
increase shareholder value;
maintain or increase shareholder influence over the issuer’s board of directors and management;
maintain or enhance the independence of the board of directors; or
maintain or increase the rights of shareholders.
Proxy votes generally will be cast against proposals having the opposite effect of the above listed items; particularly where we believe that a proposal will have a dilutive effect on the value of the underlying security. In voting proxies, we may rely on the services of a third-party consulting service, such as Institutional Shareholder Services Inc., for recommendations relating to the voting of proxies. Our use of such third parties is subject to our Proxy Voting Policies. These voting guidelines are just that – guidelines. The guidelines are not exhaustive and do not include all potential voting issues that may arise. Because proxy issues and the circumstances of individual companies are so varied, there may be instances when we do not vote at all on a presented proposal or in strict adherence to these guidelines.
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In exercising our voting discretion, our personnel shall avoid any direct or indirect conflict of interest raised by such voting decision. Our Proxy Voting Policies contain detailed policies and procedures addressing such potential conflicts, which include retaining the services of a reputable non-interested party to independently review our vote recommendation and to confirm that our vote recommendation is in the best interest of our clients under the circumstances. With respect to the Permian Funds, an advisory committee may serve in the capacity as the reputable non-interested party and conduct the review described above, so long as no member of the advisory committee that participates in such review is subject to the actual or potential conflict. Clients may obtain a copy of our current written proxy voting policies and procedures, and/or a copy of the voting activity report generated by their account, by contacting the Chief Compliance Officer, Britton Brown, at (212) 257-6080 or bbrown@permianlp.com.
Item 18. Financial information
FINANCIAL INFORMATION A. Balance Sheet We are not required to attach a balance sheet because we do not require or solicit the payment of fees six months or more in advance. B. Contractual Commitments to Our Clients We have no financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair our ability to meet contractual and fiduciary commitments to our clients. C. Bankruptcy Petitions years.
We have not been the subject of a bankruptcy petition at any time during the past ten
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Form ADV Part 2A, via the SEC Investment Adviser Public Disclosure site.