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Coliseum Capital Management, LLC: investment adviser
Coliseum Capital Management, LLC is an investment adviser registered with the SEC (file 801-74175, CRD 158120). What it reports on Form ADV: assets and clients, fees, owners, disciplinary history and its client brochure. From the SEC's Investment Adviser Public Disclosure site; read Oct 21, 2026.
- Assets managed
- $2.3B
- Discretionary
- 100%
- Accounts
- 5
- Employees
- 15
- In advisory roles
- 7
- Disclosures
- 0
Company page · SEC adviser record · Full Form ADV (PDF)
The firm reports that it or a related person has custody of client cash and securities.
Form ADV Part 1A, Item 5, as filed on the SEC Investment Adviser Public Disclosure site; read Oct 21, 2026.
Clients and fees
Whom the firm advises and how it is paid, from Items 5.D, 5.E and 5.G.
| Client type | Clients | Assets | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| Private funds and other pooled vehicles | 4 | $1.9B | 84.1% |
| Charities | 1 | – | – |
| Corporations | 1 | $361.1M | 15.9% |
How it is paid
- A percentage of assets under your management
- Performance-based fees
Services
- Portfolio management for pooled investment vehicles (other than investment companies)
- Portfolio management for businesses (other than small businesses) or institutional clients (other than registered investment companies and other pooled investment vehicles)
- Other: NON-DISCRETIONARY INVESTMENT CONSULTING
Who owns it
Schedule A lists direct owners of 5% or more (and officers who own a stake); Schedule B lists the owners of those owners.
Direct owners (Schedule A)
| Owner | Type | Role | Stake | Since | Control | Public company |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coliseum Capital Management, LP | Company (U.S.) | Sole member | E 75% or more | Feb 2014 | Yes |
Indirect owners (Schedule B)
| Owner | Owns a stake in | Type | Stake | Control | Public company |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adam Louis Gray | Adam L. Gray | Person | F General partner, trustee or managing member | Yes | |
| SG1, LP | Coliseum Capital | Company (U.S.) | E 75% or more | Yes | |
| Christopher Scott Shackelton | Coliseum Capital | Person | D 50% to 75% | Yes | |
| Christopher Scott Shackelton | SG1, LP | Person | D 50% to 75% | Yes | |
| Adam L. Gray Revocable Trust | Coliseum Capital | Company (U.S.) | C 25% to 50% | Yes |
Form ADV reports ownership in bands, not exact stakes: A means 5% to 10%, B 10% to 25%, C 25% to 50%, D 50% to 75%, E 75% or more. F marks a general partner, trustee or managing member, a role that controls the firm without a percentage. Owners of less than 5% are not listed.
Form ADV Schedules A and B, via the SEC Investment Adviser Public Disclosure site.
Disciplinary history
The firm answered No to every disciplinary question on Form ADV (Item 11).
The brochure
Form ADV Part 2A: the plain-language document an adviser must give its clients. Each item is shown as filed; open an item to read all of it.
Coliseum Capital Management, LLC, filed Mar 30, 2026. Brochure PDF. Items: 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18
Item 4. Advisory business
A. Description of the Firm Coliseum Capital Management, LLC (“we” or “us” or “our” or “Coliseum”), a Delaware limited liability company, was established in 2005 and is managed by its controlling owners Christopher S. Shackelton and Adam L. Gray. The sole owner of Coliseum is Coliseum Capital Management, LP (“Coliseum Parent”) which in turn is majority owned by SG1, LP of which Messrs. Shackelton and Gray (directly or through trusts they control) are the majority owners. Coliseum focuses primarily on sponsoring and providing advice to private investment partnerships that principally make longer-term investments in both public and private companies. B.
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Types of Advisory Services We currently provide or offer the following investment advisory services: Private Investment Funds We provide discretionary investment advisory services to Coliseum Capital Partners, L.P. (“CCP”), Coliseum Capital Partners II, L.P. (“CCP II”), Coliseum Capital Co-Invest III, L.P. (“CCC III”), and Coliseum Capital Co-Invest IV, L.P. (“CCC IV”), private pooled investment vehicles (collectively, the “Funds”). The general partner of the Funds is Coliseum Capital, LLC (the “General Partner”) which is under common control with Coliseum. CCP invests and trades in securities, consisting principally, but not solely, of private and public securities (which for purposes of this document includes equity, debt or other financial instruments) that are issued by smaller capitalization companies operating in U.S. and Canadian markets. However, we are authorized to enter into any type of investment transaction, anywhere that we deem appropriate, pursuant to CCP’s limited partnership agreement. We are authorized to invest a portion of CCP assets in illiquid securities that are restricted from transfer, which generally are restricted securities of public and private companies. See Item 8 for more information with respect to the investment strategies of CCP. CCP II was formed to follow and has followed a similar investment strategy as CCP. Currently, pursuant to side letters entered into with its investors, CCP II does not make any new investments. CCC III is a co-investment vehicle that invested opportunistically in debt or equity securities issued by publicly-traded and private companies (“CCC III Portfolio Companies”). CCC III only invested in debt and equity instruments issued by CCC III Portfolio Companies in which CCP also invested, provided that CCC III was entitled to invest in different parts of the capital structure of such CCC III Portfolio Companies. The investment period of CCC III has ended and,
as such, CCC III is no longer permitted to make new investments, other than “Special Investments” as defined in CCC III’s Governing Documents (as that term is defined below). CCC IV is a co-investment vehicle formed in March 2024 that invests opportunistically in debt or equity securities issued by publicly-traded and private companies (“CCC IV Portfolio Companies”). CCC IV will only invest in debt and equity instruments issued by CCC IV Portfolio Companies in which CCP has invested or is also investing, provided that CCC IV may invest in different parts of the capital structure of such CCC IV Portfolio Companies. The General Partner conducts its activities in accordance with the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules thereunder (the “Advisers Act“). Any employee of the General Partner, and any other person acting on its behalf, is and shall be subject to the supervision and control of Coliseum. The General Partner is relying on Coliseum’s registration under the Advisers Act and is not registering itself. The General Partner shall be included in all references to “we”, “us” or “Coliseum” herein. The Funds are not registered as investment companies under the U.S. Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”) and are, therefore, not subject to various provisions of the Investment Company Act. Interests in the Funds (“Interests“) are not registered for sale under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and are instead sold to qualified investors on a private placement basis. Investors in the Funds must be “accredited investors” under Regulation D under the Securities Act and “qualified purchasers” under the Investment Company Act. Interests in CCC IV are offered only to existing limited partners of CCP and current clients of Coliseum. Currently, CCP II and CCC III do not accept new investors. We provide investment advice directly to the Funds and not individually to the limited partners (“Investors“) of the Funds. Other Clients In addition to managing the Funds, we provide ongoing discretionary investment management services to an institutional client and may offer non-discretionary investment advisory services to clients in the future. Any such clients we may advise on a discretionary or non-discretionary basis are referred to as the “Separate Accounts” and each a “Separate Account”. Separate Accounts generally invest in the same general category of investments invested in by the Funds. We also offer non-discretionary investment consulting services to at least one institutional client that is a current Investor in the Funds, although we may in the future offer such non-discretionary consulting services to other clients that are not Investors in the Funds. Any such client is referred to as a “Consulting Client”. Our non-discretionary consulting services may include, among other things, providing our perspective on research initiatives clients may be interested in undertaking regarding particular companies, some of which may be Fund investments.
The term “Client” herein refers to a Fund, the owner of a Separate Account or any non-discretionary Consulting Client. We identify investment opportunities for our Funds and all of our Separate Accounts. For our Funds and our discretionary Separate Account clients, we participate in the acquisition, management, monitoring and disposition of investments. We share our perspectives on selected companies with Consulting Clients but may not necessarily identify investment opportunities for them, and do not participate in the execution of investment transactions or ongoing management of investments for them. Special Purpose Entities From time to time, we may structure, and we or our affiliate may serve as the manager to pooled investment vehicles through which the Funds and/or the Separate Account Clients may invest in one or more particular investment opportunities (each, a “Special Purpose Entity”). These Special Purpose Entities are pass-through entities from which we receive no management fees, performance fees or other economic benefit in connection with the acquisition of the particular investment opportunity or opportunities. C. Client Tailored Services and Client Tailored Restrictions We generally provide discretionary investment management services to our Separate Account Clients. On occasion, we may manage all or part of a Separate Account Client’s account on a non-discretionary basis. See Item 16. We enter into investment advisory agreements with our Separate Account Clients and they may impose restrictions in investing in certain securities or types of securities in accordance with their particular investment objectives or needs. We manage each Fund based on the investment objectives and investment restrictions set forth in the limited partnership agreement of the Fund (the “Fund Organization Agreement”) and the investment management agreement between us and the Fund (the “Management Agreement“, and together with the Fund Organization Agreement and the confidential private placement memorandum or other offering document describing the Fund and its terms utilized to offer investments in a Fund, the “Governing Documents”). In addition, we have the right to enter and have entered into agreements, such as side letters, with certain Investors in the Funds that may in each case provide for terms of investment that are more favorable to the terms provided to other Investors in the Funds. Such terms may include the waiver or reduction of management and/or incentive fees/allocations, the provision of additional information or reports, rights related to specific regulatory requests or requirements of certain clients, more favorable transfer rights, and more favorable liquidity rights. Certain Investors may also negotiate for investment exposure (or investment limitations) with respect to specific industries, sectors, geographic regions or investments. In addition, Consulting Clients that are also Investors in the Funds will have additional insight into Coliseum’s perspectives on certain investments in those Funds.
One of our Investors has an equity interest in our parent company and an affiliated entity entitling it to receive a percentage of our revenue. While such Investor does not have any enhanced information rights regarding our Clients or investments, as a result of its affiliation with our parent company, it may (i) become aware of certain material events concerning Coliseum prior to disclosure of such to Clients or Investors in the Funds or (ii) become aware of certain non-material events concerning Coliseum which, due to the immaterial nature, may never be disclosed to Clients or Investors in the Funds. D. Assets Under Management As of December 31, 2025, we had $2,269,400,402 in regulatory assets under management.
Item 5. Fees and compensation
A. Fee Schedule; Prepayment of Fees and Refunds, Payment Method Private Investment Funds We receive management fee and performance-based compensation for our advisory services to CCP, CCP II, CCC III and CCC IV. Investors in CCP, CCP II, CCC III and CCC IV are all “qualified purchasers” as defined in Section 2(a)(51) of the Investment Company Act, and, as a result, further information regarding the fees and compensation payable by CCP, CCP II, CCC III and CCC IV in connection with our advisory services is not required to be provided herein. Our investment management agreement with each Fund is terminable upon expiration of the Fund’s term, dissolution or the withdrawal of the General Partner. Investors may be limited in their ability to terminate their investment in the Fund.
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Investors should refer to each Fund’s Governing Documents for additional or supplementary information regarding such limitations as well as the fees paid by the Fund. Separate Accounts and Consulting Clients We deliver our brochure only to clients or prospective Clients that are “qualified purchasers” as defined in Section 2(a)(51) of the Investment Company Act, and, as a result, further information regarding the compensation payable by such Clients in connection with our advisory and consulting services is not required to be provided herein. B. Other Fees and Expenses Each Fund bears the expenses of its organization (subject to any maximum amount set forth in the Governing Documents) and all operational expenses incurred in connection with the purchase, sale, financing and refinancing of investments, and the fees and expenses of third-party service providers to the Fund. Such expenses generally will include but are not limited to the following, but vary depending on the applicable Fund: (a) all trading costs and expenses (such as, for example, brokerage commissions and charges, expenses relating to short sales, clearing and settlement charges, option premiums and custodial and service fees, including, for avoidance of doubt, charges related to outsourced trading services, costs or expenses of portfolio and trading related software or equipment, for example, trade order management software and portfolio and risk management systems, and quotation services such as those provided by Bloomberg, Reuters or similar providers, (b) interest and commitment fees on loans and debit balances (on margin or otherwise),
(c) the costs and expenses of negotiating and entering into contracts and arrangements and making investments in the ordinary course of the Fund’s activities (such as brokerage, legal, accounting, investment banking, appraisal and other professional and consulting fees and expenses arising from particular investments and potential investments), and similar expenses in terminating those contracts and arrangements and disposing of the Fund’s investments, including, for avoidance of doubt, research-related fees and expenses, such as the costs and expenses incurred in connection with (1) any third-party research consulting, (2) research reports and services, and (3) research-related data, software and equipment (such as subscription fees, data feeds and publications, technical and performance measuring data, newswire charges and online research fees), (d) all expenses incurred in visiting companies and attending research conferences (for example, air fare, hotel accommodations and meals), (e) costs associated with registering the Fund’s restricted securities, (f) costs and expenses associated with regulatory filings of the Fund, Coliseum and Coliseum’s affiliates relating to the Fund (including, but not limited to, Form PF and filings required by section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Corporate Transparency act, Bureau of Economic Analysis or FinCEN), (g) all costs and expenses incurred in attempting to protect or enhance the value of the Fund’s investments (including the costs of instituting and defending lawsuits or engaging in proxy contests or tender offers), (h) income taxes, gross receipts taxes or other taxes related to the Fund, withholding taxes, transfer taxes and other governmental charges and duties, (i) fees and reimbursement for out-of-pocket expenses of any administrator, (j) fees and charges of custodians, clearing agencies and banks, (k) bookkeeping, recordkeeping, legal, accounting, auditing, tax preparation and all professional, expert and consulting fees and expenses arising in connection with the Fund’s activities, including (1) fees and expenses of counsel for the Fund and Coliseum or one or more officers, members or managers of Coliseum and (2) fees, costs and expenses of accounting, bookkeeping and recordkeeping services of any administrator or any other service provider retained by Coliseum to assist it in performing services for the Fund, (l) all fees, costs and expenses of offering and selling Interests and communicating with Investors (including, without limitation, airfare, hotel accommodations, meals and other travel expenses, communications costs, the costs of printing and distributing offering materials, subscription materials, reports and notices, legal and accounting fees and expenses and governmental and self-regulatory agency filing fees, costs and expenses), (m) insurance policies as Coliseum considers appropriate, insuring the Fund, Coliseum and their affiliates against liabilities that may arise in connection with the business or management of the Fund, (n) proxy voting services and class action services, and (o) any extraordinary expenses (such as litigation expenses). Generally, Investors in a Fund share equally in such Fund’s expenses but there will be situations where due to the exit of certain Investors, creation of side pockets or other reasons due to the structure of particular Funds, not all Investors will share equally in Fund expenses.
Investors should consult the Governing Documents or investment management agreements for the specific expenses each Fund bears and the situations where Investors may not share equally in expenses. Clients may be invested in mutual funds. To the extent a Client’s account is invested in a mutual fund, it will bear the costs and expenses associated with such investment in that fund. In a manner consistent with client arrangements (e.g., investment management agreements or the Governing Documents) we will determine whether each expense will be borne by the Client or Coliseum. Certain expenses may be shared between us and one or more Clients and we will allocate such shared expenses in a manner deemed by us to be fair and reasonable. The Funds will reimburse us for any expenses paid by us that are properly borne by the Funds. Some expenses are incurred on an aggregate basis for the benefit of multiple Funds or Clients. Such expenses will be allocated by Coliseum in a manner it determines to be fair and equitable, taking into consideration, among other things (i) the extent of a Client’s utilization of the services associated with the expense, (ii) the relative benefit to a Client that is derived from the expense and (iii) the association of the expense with a legal, contractual or other obligation of a Client. This is expected to generally result in a pro rata allocation based on each Client’s participation or anticipated participation in the relevant investment or strategy, however, if Coliseum determines that one or more Clients receives substantially all of the benefit, or that the expense would not otherwise have been incurred if it were not for such Client(s), Coliseum will generally allocate such expense solely to such Client(s) that received substantially all of the benefit. Expenses incurred in connection with transactions that are consummated are generally allocated to the relevant Clients in accordance with the overall allocation decision. Investment-related expenses for an investment that is not consummated (a “broken deal") and research expenses for any investment or potential investment will generally be allocated pro rata among all eligible Clients, excluding CCC III, CCC IV and any other co-investment vehicles. The co-investment vehicles that we establish to participate in certain investments either alongside, or independently of, a Fund generally bear their pro rata share (generally based on invested capital) of any transaction-related expenses incurred in the making of an investment. However, the co-investment vehicles are not generally allocated any research expenses related to any investment opportunity and are not expected to be allocated any expenses related to investments that are not consummated. Determinations regarding the allocation of expenses among Clients and/or Coliseum are inherently subjective and give rise to conflicts of interest. For more information and details regarding such expense allocation conflicts, please refer to the applicable Governing Documents. Our portfolio managers, Adam Gray and/or Christopher Shackelton, currently do and may in the future receive directors’ fees for serving on the boards of one or more portfolio companies in which certain Funds invest. These directors’ fees are either paid directly to CCP or offset against our management fees from CCP.
Clients bear brokerage and transaction costs to the extent incurred. information regarding brokerage and transaction costs, see Item 12.
For additional
C. Sales Compensation Neither we nor any of our supervised persons accept compensation in connection with the sale of Interests in the Funds.
Item 6. Performance-based fees and side-by-side management
“Performance-Based Fees” are fees that are based on a share of the capital gains or capital appreciation of the assets of an account. We currently advise only Clients that pay performance-based compensation as described in Item 5; we do not advise Clients that do not pay performance-based compensation. Fees based on performance will only be charged in accordance with the provisions of Rule 205-3 under the Advisers Act to the extent required by applicable law. Performance-based compensation creates an incentive for us to advise or cause a Client to make investments that are riskier and more speculative than it would otherwise make.
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Performance-based fee arrangements also create an incentive to favor higher performance fee paying Clients over other Clients in the devotion of time, resources and allocation of investment opportunities. To manage these potential conflicts, we have adopted policies and procedures including (i) our policies which provide that all supervised persons have a duty to act in the best interest of each Client (see Item 11), and (ii) allocation policies which seek to ensure that investment opportunities are allocated fairly among Clients and that all Client accounts are managed in accordance with their investment mandate (see Item 12). We do not consider fee structures in allocating investment opportunities.
Item 7. Types of clients
We provide investment advisory services to the Funds, Separate Accounts and Consulting Clients. We do not provide any services to Investors in the Funds other than certain Separate Account clients or Consulting Clients with whom we have advisory or consulting agreements. In the past, we required a minimum of $50 million to open a Separate Account, but we may waive or increase that minimum if we were to consider managing other Separate Accounts in the future. At this time, it is not anticipated that Coliseum will provide advice to Separate Account clients or Consulting Clients that are “retail investors” as defined by Rule 204-5(d)(2) under the Advisers Act.
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We generally require Investors and Clients to make representations concerning their financial sophistication and ability to bear the risk of loss of their entire investment in the Fund or Separate Account. Investors in the Funds must be “accredited investors” under Regulation D under the Securities Act and “qualified purchasers” as defined in Section 2(a)(51) of the Investment Company Act. Certain employees of Coliseum who qualify as “knowledgeable employees” under Rule 3c-5 of the Investment Company Act may be permitted to invest directly or indirectly in the Funds.
Item 8. Methods of analysis, investment strategies and risk of loss
A. Methods of Analysis We apply both systematic and unsystematic methods to screen for potential investments. We rely on the many relationships our managers have developed across the business and investment landscape. In addition to the unsystematic approaches referenced above, we utilize more systematic screening methods aimed at identifying undervalued or under-utilized assets, stress signals, etc. These methods incorporate metrics that range from cash flow yields, comparable leverage valuation to announced defaults, historical returns on invested capital and more. We focus our resources on potential investments where proprietary research provides an advantage.
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Each investment will generally be based on an intensive analytical process conducted over several months and generally refreshed over the investment life cycle. This process may include facility inspections, management/employee meetings, customer calls, detailed legal review and comprehensive industry review with competitors, suppliers and consultants. Our valuations typically are based on detailed, long-term cash flow forecasts, with the underlying objective of identifying the intrinsic value of businesses or assets. The corresponding investments will generally be driven by return expectations over a 3-5 year timeframe. We consider this longer-term investment horizon as a powerful differentiator critical in exploiting the short-term return requirements of many investors in the market. We may make investments on behalf of the Funds or discretionary Separate Accounts, or provide advice to Consulting Clients with respect to investments, at every level of the capital structure, in both liquid and illiquid, and public and private securities. We expect generally to hold only 8-12 “core” positions within the Funds and discretionary Separate Accounts. Some such Clients may have more concentrated portfolios. Investors should consult the Governing Documents and Clients should consult the investment management or consulting agreement for specifics. Investments in securities involve risk of loss that Clients and Investors must be prepared to bear.
B. Investment Strategies The following is a summary of the principal investment strategies employed by us. The material risks associated with each of these strategies is set forth in C. below. This is a summary only. Investors should look to the Governing Documents of each Fund and Clients should look to their investment advisory or consulting agreements with us and other Client materials for a more complete description of each strategy. Clients should not rely solely on the descriptions provided below. The investment period of CCC III also has ended and, as such, CCC III is no longer permitted to make new investments, other than “Special Investments” as defined in CCC III’s Governing Documents. The investment strategies and techniques discussed below, beyond statements regarding the investments in securities of CCC III Portfolio Companies and CCC IV Portfolio Companies, are not applicable to CCC III and CCC IV. Although the investment period of CCP II has not ended, pursuant to side letter agreements with its Investors, we are not currently making any new investments on behalf of CCP II. We seek to make long-term, value investments across the capital structure in small to mid-cap public and private companies. On behalf of our Clients, we invest in, hold, sell, trade and otherwise deal in securities, consisting principally, but not solely, of private and public securities that are issued by smaller capitalization companies operating in U.S. and Canadian markets. Many of our investments are in companies undergoing extraordinary change (“special situations”). In general, our investments fit into one or more of the following criteria:
The potential for strong free cash flow Good businesses or assets operating through complex circumstances Businesses or assets which provide a reasonable likelihood of recovering invested capital Businesses or assets to which our management team can apply its varied transactional and operations experience The ability to enforce remedies, such as liquidation, in order to recover invested capital
We seek to identify investment opportunities in businesses and assets at attractive long-term valuations. Examples include:
Financially distressed businesses, including companies in the midst of workouts, bankruptcies, turnarounds or restructuring processes Lack of liquidity or general imbalance between investment supply and demand in certain out-of-favor or capital-constrained industry sectors Complex transactions, such as sales involving companies with business interruptions, significant litigation or other contingent liabilities
Underperforming businesses due to inadequate management teams or owner neglect Undervaluation of public companies relative to private market valuations Busted auctions and similar situations where a company loses bargaining leverage with respect to potential buyers Companies with hidden or underutilized assets
We have in the past and may in the future invest a portion of a Client’s assets in illiquid securities that are restricted from transfer, which generally are restricted securities of public and private companies. We may also invest in preferred stocks, convertible securities, warrants, rights, options (including covered and uncovered puts and calls and over-the-counter options), swaps and other derivative instruments, bonds and other fixed income securities, distressed debt, loans, currencies, non-U.S. securities, futures, options on futures, other commodity interests and money market instruments. We also may engage in short selling, margin trading, hedging and other investment strategies. The investment objectives and methods summarized above represent our current intentions, are general in nature and are not intended to be exhaustive. Among other things, there are no limits on the types of securities or other instruments in which the Fund may take positions, the types of positions it may take, the concentration of its investments in companies, industries or market sectors or subsectors, or the amount of leverage the Fund may use, including the extent of the Fund’s margin trading and short positions. Depending on conditions and trends in securities markets and the economy generally, we may pursue any other objectives, or use any other techniques that we consider appropriate and in the best interest of our Clients. C. Material Risks Investment Strategy Risks: Acquiring interests in a Fund is intended for sophisticated investors who can accept a high degree of risk in their portfolio, do not need regular current income from their investment with us and can accept a potential loss of their entire investment. Investment risks specific to the investment strategy of each Fund are described in its Governing Documents. Such risks for the Funds and Separate Accounts may include (but are not limited to): Investment Risks. We invest our Client assets principally, but not solely, in securities that are issued by companies that are traded publicly and privately in U.S. and Canadian markets. Markets for such instruments fluctuate and the market value of any particular investment may vary substantially. In addition, such securities may be issued by unseasoned companies and may be highly speculative. A portfolio of securities of companies in special situations, representing a very small segment of the economy, may be extremely more volatile than the broader equity markets. Many of our investments are in companies that are in “special situations.” Micro and Small Capitalization Companies. We invest in securities of companies with micro-to-small-sized market capitalizations. Those securities involve substantially higher risks in many respects than do investments in securities of larger companies. Further, due to
thin trading in securities of some micro- and small-capitalization companies, such investments may be relatively more illiquid. Investment Selection. From time to time, we may engage in hedging, option trading, leverage (including, but not limited to, margin trading and investing in derivatives) and other strategies. Clients may have high portfolio turnover and the brokerage commissions and other transaction costs generally are higher than those incurred by a Client with a lower portfolio turnover rate. Private Claims. Private claims and obligations of domestic and non-U.S. entities experiencing significant financial or business difficulties, most of which are not publicly traded, involve a substantial degree of risk. Some of a Client’s private investments may have very little liquidity as a result of trading restrictions, or the marketability of such interests may be hindered for other reasons. In addition to this liquidity risk, another risk inherent in investments in troubled entities is the fact that it frequently may be difficult to obtain information as to the true condition of such borrowers. Troubled company and real estate investments also may be adversely affected by state and federal laws relating to, among other things, fraudulent conveyances, voidable preferences, lender liability and a bankruptcy court’s discretionary power to disallow, subordinate or disenfranchise particular claims. Securities of Financially Distressed Companies. Investing in assets, liabilities or equity of companies that are, or appear to be, in financial distress or emerging from financial distress, including companies that have undergone or are undergoing major restructurings or bankruptcy reorganizations and companies that we anticipate are likely to undergo such restructurings or reorganizations involves a high degree of risk. At times there is very limited liquidity in such investments. Bank Loans. We invest Client assets in bank loans and participations. Investing in bank loans and participations is subject to unique risks, including: (i) the risk that a court could subordinate a bank loan or participation interest to presently existing or future indebtedness of the borrower or take other action detrimental to the holders of the bank loan or participation; (ii) the risk that the Client could be subject to “lender liability”; (iii) the risk of a borrower’s liability management transactions that result in a Client’s loan or participation being subordinated; and (iv) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations. Insolvency Considerations with Respect to Issuers of Indebtedness. Various laws enacted for the protection of creditors may apply to indebtedness in which we invest Client assets. If a court in a lawsuit brought by an unpaid creditor or representative of creditors of an issuer of indebtedness were to find that the issuer did not receive fair consideration or reasonably equivalent value for incurring the indebtedness, under certain circumstances, court could determine to invalidate, in whole or in part, such indebtedness as a fraudulent conveyance, to subordinate such indebtedness to existing or future creditors of such issuer, or to recover amounts previously paid by such issuer in satisfaction of such indebtedness. In addition, in the event of the insolvency of an issuer of indebtedness in which a Client invests, payments made
on such indebtedness could be subject to avoidance as a “preference” if made within a certain period of time before insolvency. Second-Lien and Unsecured Loans. In addition to the special risks generally associated with investments in bank loans described above, investments in second-lien and unsecured bank loans entail additional risks, including (i) the subordination of a Client’s claims to a senior lien in terms of the coverage and recovery from the collateral and (ii) with respect to second-lien loans, the prohibition of or limitation on the right to foreclose on a second-lien or exercise other rights as a second-lien holder, and with respect to unsecured loans, the absence of any collateral on which a Client may foreclose to satisfy its claim in whole or in part. In certain cases, no recovery may be available from a defaulted second-lien loan. Non-Investment Grade Instruments. We may invest Client assets in financial instruments that are rated in the non-investment grade categories by the various credit rating agencies or are not rated. Such financial instruments are subject to greater risk of loss of principal and interest than higher-rated financial instruments and are generally considered to be predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal. They are also generally considered to be subject to greater risk than financial instruments with higher ratings in the case of deterioration of general economic conditions and the yields and prices of such financial instruments may be more volatile than those for higher-rated financial instruments. The market for non-investment grade and non-rated instruments is thinner, often less liquid, and less active than that for higher-rated financial instruments, which can adversely affect the prices at which these financial instruments can be sold and may even make it impractical to sell such financial instruments. Hedging. We may use hedging strategies to attempt to control risk associated with certain portfolio positions or securities denominated in non-U.S. currencies. Such hedging strategies may include the use of both exchange-traded and over-the-counter derivative instruments, such as swaps, short sales, options and futures. Trading in these instruments is highly speculative and entails risks that are greater than those of investing in other securities. Short Sales. We sell securities short. A short sale involves a finite opportunity for appreciation, but a theoretically unlimited risk of loss. To make a short sale, we must borrow the securities being sold short. It may be impossible to borrow securities at the most desirable time to make a short sale, particularly in illiquid securities markets. Securities, once borrowed, may be called at inopportune times, potentially forcing us to pay a premium to cover. Swaps, Options, Futures and Other Derivatives. From time to time, we may trade in exchange-traded and over-the-counter derivatives, including but not limited to swaps, options, futures, forwards and contracts for differences. Trading in these instruments is highly speculative and entails risks that are greater than those of investing in other securities. Prices of these instruments generally are more volatile than prices of other securities. Stock Index Futures. Using stock index futures for hedging involves several risks. Price movement in the stock index and price movements in the securities that are the subject of the hedge do not always correlate. Positions in futures contracts may be closed out only on the exchange on which they were entered into or through a linked exchange, and there is no
secondary market for those contracts. In addition, there may be no active market for the contracts at any particular time. Counterparty Credit Risk. Our Clients may have contractual agreements with various counterparties, including a prime broker and custodian, to perform various functions or effect certain transactions for or on behalf of the Client. These entities typically are not subject to credit evaluation and regulatory oversight. In addition, our Clients purchase and sell derivative instruments in “over-the-counter” or “interdealer” markets. In many cases, the participants in these markets are not subject to credit evaluation and regulatory oversight as are members of “exchange-based” markets. Institutional Risk and Custodial Risk. The institutions, including brokerage firms and banks, with which we do business on behalf of our Clients may encounter financial difficulties that may impair the operational capabilities or the capital position of a Client. There is a risk that any of such counterparties could become insolvent which is likely to impair the operational capabilities or the assets of a Client and might result in a delay in the recovery of a Client’s assets from such counterparty. General Risks of Leverage. We use leverage by engaging in short sales, borrowing on margin, entering into swaps and other derivatives contracts and other leveraging strategies. Such leverage increases the risk of loss and volatility. In addition, the use of leverage requires us to pledge the Client’ assets as collateral. Securities Lending. We may lend securities to securities brokers and other institutions to earn additional income. If the other party becomes insolvent or bankrupt, our Clients could experience losses due to insufficient collateralization or due to delays and costs of liquidating the collateral or recovering the securities. If, in the meantime, the value of the securities changes, our Clients could experience further losses. Furthermore, we may not have the ability to exercise our voting rights with respect to any securities that Clients may lend under these arrangements. Repurchase Agreements. We may enter into repurchase agreements, by which we buy a security and simultaneously agrees to sell it back later at a predetermined price, or in reverse repurchase agreements, by which we sell a security and simultaneously agrees to buy it back later at a predetermined price. If the other party to a repurchase or reverse repurchase agreement becomes insolvent or bankrupt, our Clients could experience losses due to insufficient collateralization or due to delays and costs of liquidating the collateral or recovering the securities. If, in the meantime, the value of the securities changes, our Clients could experience further losses. Repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements can have effects similar to margin trading and other leveraging strategies. Risks of Non-U.S. Investments. We invest in securities of non-U.S. companies, which may be denominated in U.S. or non-U.S. currencies, and use forward non-U.S. currency exchange contracts, which involve unusual risks not typically associated with investing in U.S. companies. These risks include, but are not limited to, less public information available regarding non-U.S. issuers, limited liquidity of non-U.S. securities and political risks associated with the countries in which non-U.S. securities are traded and the countries where non-U.S.
issuers are located. Individual non-U.S. economies may differ unfavorably from the U.S. economy in gross national product growth, inflation rate, savings rate and capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments positions, and in other respects. We may invest in securities of non-U.S. governments (or agencies or subdivisions thereof), and some or all of the foregoing considerations also may apply to those investments. Investments may be affected unfavorably by exchange control regulations or changes in the exchange rate between such currencies and the U.S. Dollar. European financial markets are vulnerable to volatility and losses arising from armed conflict and concerns about the stability of the European Union, Eurozone and NATO. For example, the ultimate effects of the Ukraine war and Brexit are not known but could profoundly affect global economies and markets. Whether or not Clients invest in securities of non-U.S. issuers or issuers with significant exposure to non-U.S. issuers or countries, these events could negatively affect the value and liquidity of Client’s investments. Limited Liquidity of Investments. We will invest Client assets in thinly traded and relatively illiquid securities. On behalf of Clients we may also take positions in particular securities that are relatively large as compared to trading volumes or overall market capitalization. In such cases and in the event of extreme market activity, we may not be able to liquidate Client investments promptly if necessary. In addition, our sale of thinly traded securities is likely to depress the market value of such securities and thereby reduce a Client’s profitability or increase its losses. We also invest Client assets in PIPE (private investments in public equity) financings and also may invest in restricted securities that are subject to substantial holding periods or that are not traded in public markets. Restricted securities generally are difficult or impossible to sell at prices comparable to the market prices of similar securities that are publicly traded. It is highly speculative as to whether and when an issuer will be able to register its securities so that they become eligible for trading in public markets. Private Equity/Venture Capital Risks. Private equity/venture capital investment involves an extraordinarily high degree of business and financial risk and can result in substantial or complete losses. Many portfolio companies may be operating at a loss or with substantial variations in operating results from period to period and may need substantial additional capital to support expansion or to achieve or maintain competitive positions. Such companies may face intense competition. Any such portfolio company may fail. Extreme Volatility. Investments in illiquid securities and securities of companies with micro-to-small-sized market capitalizations involve extreme business and financial risk and can result in substantial or complete loss. Additional Capital Needs. After making initial investments in portfolio companies, portfolio companies may require additional funding, or we may have the opportunity to increase investments in portfolio companies. Any decision not to make follow-up investments, or the inability to make them, may have substantial adverse effects on portfolio companies in need of such investment or may result in missed opportunities for our Clients to increase participation in ventures, or may cause a decrease in the value of our Client’s portfolio.
Competition. Numerous risk capital investors will be competing with us for desirable investment opportunities. Because of this competition and because of limited available capital, Clients might not be able to participate in attractive investments that would otherwise be available. Time Required for Maturity of Investments. Some of our investments on behalf of Clients (in both publicly-traded and private securities) can take several years from the date of initial investment to reach a state of maturity when disposition of outstanding securities can be considered, and frequently require even longer periods before disposition can occur. Clients may not realize a return on any such investment within a reasonable time, or at all. Economic Conditions. Changes in economic conditions, due to, among other things, changes in interest or inflation rates, credit availability or industry conditions, government regulation, competition, technological developments, public health issues, war, political and diplomatic events and trends, changes to tax and other laws, changes to tariff rates, and innumerable other factors, can materially adversely affect the value and liquidity of Client investments. No Control over Portfolio Issuers. Although Clients may acquire substantial positions in the securities of particular companies, Clients may not share any control over the management of any such company. The success of each investment depends on the ability and success of the management of that company, in addition to economic and market factors. Concentration of Investments. A Client’s investment portfolio may be confined to the securities of relatively few issuers. Concentration in investments in several, relatively large security positions or industries and a loss in any one position or downturn in any one industry could reduce performance materially. The more concentrated a Client’s portfolio, the much higher risk of loss than would be the case with a more broadly diversified portfolio. Portfolio Turnover/Operating Deficits/Expenses. On behalf of our Clients, we trade securities actively and incur significant brokerage, custody and other transaction costs and expenses. An account may have higher portfolio turnover and transaction costs than a similar account managed by another investment adviser. These and other expenses of operating a Fund (including management fees paid to us) reduce Clients’ capital available for investment and investment returns. Non-public Information. We routinely come into possession of non-public information concerning specific companies. Under applicable securities laws, this may limit our flexibility to buy or sell portfolio securities issued by such companies which could reduce potential profit or increase loss. Information Sources. We select investments for our Clients based in part on information and data filed by the issuers of such securities with various government agencies or made directly available to us by the issuers of securities or others. We are not in a position to confirm the completeness, genuineness or accuracy of such information and data, and in some cases, complete and accurate information is not readily available.
Key Man. Coliseum’s success depends on the skill and acumen of Adam Gray and Christopher Shackelton. If either of them should cease to participate in Coliseum’s activities, Coliseum’s ability to select attractive investments and manage the Clients’ portfolios could be severely impaired. Risks Arising from Provision of Managerial Assistance/Insider Status. Our portfolio managers, Adam Gray and/or Christopher Shackelton, have served, currently serve (although there is no guarantee they will continue to do so), and may serve in the future on the Board of Directors of portfolio companies. In some cases, our Clients may be considered controlling shareholders of those companies. In addition, Adam Gray and/or Christopher Shackelton may serve, from time to time, as officers of one or more such portfolio companies. The foregoing activities could expose us and Client assets to regulatory action and/or claims or litigation (whether as plaintiffs or defendants) with such portfolio companies, their security holders, and their creditors. Adam Gray and/or Christopher Shackelton may encounter an actual or potential conflict of interest where their fiduciary duties to such portfolio companies may conflict with our duties to Clients. Further, due to confidential information that may be acquired, or obligations incurred due to these outside officer positions or directorships, we may be prohibited from taking action on behalf of Clients. In certain situations, these affiliations may cause a Fund to be deemed an affiliate of the portfolio company. In such a case, the Fund may have to disgorge any profits from purchases and sales of the securities of such portfolio company within any 6-month period or may only be able to sell securities in such portfolio company under certain limited conditions. Regulatory Changes. The U.S. Congress, the SEC, the CFTC and other regulators have taken, or represented that they may take, action to increase or otherwise modify the laws, rules and regulations applicable to short sales, derivatives and other techniques and instruments in which Clients may invest. It is not possible to predict fully the effects of current or future regulation. However, it is possible that developments in government regulation of various types of derivative instruments, such as speculative position limits on certain types of derivatives, or limits or restrictions on the counterparties with which we engage on behalf of Clients in derivative transactions, may limit or prevent us from using, or limit our use of, these instruments as a part of a Client’s investment strategy, and could adversely affect a Client’s potential to achieve its investment objective. New requirements, even if not directly applicable to the Client, may increase the cost of a Client’s investments. Compliance with such new or modified laws, rules and regulations may also increase a Client’s expenses and therefore may adversely affect the Client’s performance. Cybersecurity. With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet to conduct business, we and our service providers are susceptible to operational, information security and related risks. Cyber incidents affecting us, any administrator for a Fund, and other service providers have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, the release of investor information or confidential business information, interference with the ability to calculate a Fund’s net asset value, impediments to trading, destruction to equipment and systems, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines or penalties, reputational damage, or additional compliance costs. Similar adverse consequences could result from cyber incidents affecting issuers of financial
instruments in which we may invest on behalf of a Client, counterparties with which a Client engages in transactions, governmental and other regulatory authorities, exchange and other financial market operators, banks, brokers, dealers, insurance companies and other financial institutions or parties. Business Disruptions. Coliseum and the Funds rely heavily on service providers (including administrators and custodians) and on internal and third-party computer hardware and software, online services, data feeds, trading platforms, and other technology. Adverse events, including, but not limited to, natural disasters, outbreaks of pandemic and epidemic diseases, terrorism, acts of governments, any act of declared or undeclared war, power shortages or failures, utility or communication failure or delays, labor disputes, strikes, shortages, supply shortages, and system failures or malfunctions, could have an adverse effect on the ability of Coliseum, the Funds or their service providers to conduct business and on their operations and financial condition, particularly if those events affect computer-based data processing, transmission, storage, and retrieval systems, or if these events destroy data. If a significant number of Coliseum’s personnel (or a service provider’s personnel) were unavailable in the event of a disaster, the ability of Coliseum and the Funds to effectively conduct business could be severely compromised. A Client’s ability to recover any losses or expenses it incurs as a result of a disruption of business operations may be limited by the liability, standard of care, and related provisions in the Governing Documents and any contractual agreements with other service providers. Litigation Risks. Clients will be subject to a variety of litigation risks, particularly in consequence of the substantial likelihood that one or more portfolio companies will face financial or other difficulties during the term of a Client’s investment or as a result of other litigation we pursue or otherwise become involved in related to our portfolio companies. If a dispute arises relating to any investment in a portfolio company, we, our personnel or our Clients may be plaintiffs or named as defendants. Beyond direct costs, such disputes may adversely affect a Client in a variety of ways, including by distracting us and harming relationships between the Client and its portfolio company investments or other investors in such portfolio companies. Legal and Regulatory Environment for Private Investment Funds and their Managers. The legal, tax and regulatory environment worldwide for private offered investment funds (such as the Funds) and their managers (such as Coliseum) is evolving, and changes in the regulation of private investment funds, their managers, and their investing activities may have a material adverse effect on the value of any Fund’s investments and on its abilities to pursue its investment program. There has been an increase in scrutiny of the alternative investment industry by governmental agencies and self-regulatory organizations. New laws and regulations or actions taken by regulators that restrict the ability of any Fund to pursue its investment program or employ counterparties could have a material adverse effect on such Fund and its investors’ investments therein. For example, such legislation and regulations may, directly or indirectly, (i) require us to provide reports and other disclosure to investors, counterparties, creditors and regulators, (ii) cause us to alter management of the Fund, including for the purposes of avoiding increased regulatory burdens, (iii) limit the types and structures of the
investments available to such Fund including limitations on the use of leverage, or (iv) otherwise change or restrict the operations of such Fund. Increased Regulatory Oversight. The financial services industry generally, and the activities of private investment funds and their managers, in particular, have been subject to intense and increasing regulatory oversight. Such scrutiny may increase any Fund’s and our exposure to potential liabilities and to legal, compliance and other related costs. Increased regulatory oversight may impose administrative burdens on us, including, without limitation, responding to investigations and implementing new policies and procedures. Such burdens may divert our time, attention and resources from portfolio management activities. In addition, regulatory investigations could harm such our reputation, which could adversely affect our ability to consummate transactions. Regulation generally, as well as regulation more specifically addressed to the alternative investment fund industry, including tax laws and regulation, whether in the United States or elsewhere, could increase the cost of acquiring, holding or divesting investments and the cost of operating any Fund. Any such increase in the costs and expenses of operating any Fund may adversely affect the returns that Investors might otherwise have received from such Fund. Other General Investment Risks:
A Client account may hold investments in companies that decline in value, and may short investments in companies that rise in value.
We may not be able to obtain complete or accurate information about an investment and may misinterpret the information that we do receive.
Our activities could cause adverse tax consequences to Clients and Investors, including liability for interests and penalties.
With respect to CCC III and CCC IV, in addition to the applicable risks set forth above, there are the following additional risks: Concentrated Portfolio. CCC III and CCC IV currently hold a limited number of portfolio investments. The highly concentrated nature of these funds’ portfolios subjects each fund to a much higher risk of loss than would be the case with a more broadly diversified portfolio. The returns of CCC III and CCC IV will also not replicate the returns of CCP, which has a more diversified portfolio. The above is only a brief summary of some of the important risks associated with our investment strategies. Before deciding to invest in a Fund or a Separate Account, potential Investors and Clients should carefully consider all the risk factors and other information set forth in the Governing Documents.
Item 9. Disciplinary information
Registered investment advisers are required to disclose all material facts regarding any legal or disciplinary events that would be material to a client’s or potential client’s evaluation of the firm or the integrity of the firm’s management in this item. There are no legal or disciplinary events that are material to a Client’s (or Investor’s) or a prospective Client’s (or prospective Investor’s) evaluation of Coliseum’s advisory business or the integrity of Coliseum’s management.
Item 10. Other financial industry activities and affiliations
Neither we nor any of our management persons is registered, or has an application pending to register, as a broker-dealer or a registered representative of a broker-dealer. Neither we nor any of our management persons is registered, or has an application pending to register, as a futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator, a commodity trading advisor, or an associated person of the foregoing entities. As explained in Item 4 above, Coliseum serves as investment manager to and its affiliate, the General Partner, serves as general partner to the Funds. All persons acting on behalf of the General Partner are subject to the supervision and control of Coliseum (the “filing adviser” of Form ADV Part 1A) in connection with any investment advisory activities.
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In accordance with SEC guidance, the General Partner is registered as an investment adviser in reliance on the Form ADV filed by Coliseum. Our portfolio managers, Adam Gray and Christopher Shackelton (the “Coliseum Portfolio Managers”), directly or through trusts they control, are the primary beneficial owners of, SGECI, LLC (“SGECI”). SGECI holds ownership interests in another investment adviser, Everside Capital Partners, LLC (“Everside”) and in various entities affiliated with Everside that act as the general partners of some of the investment funds (the “Everside Funds”) to which Everside or its wholly-owned subsidiary, Everside Collateral Advisory, LLC, acts as investment adviser. SGECI’s ownership interests entitle it to, among other things, receive a percentage of the revenue (whether from management fees, performance fees or other performance-based distributions, or otherwise) received by Everside or by the general partners of the Everside Funds. SGECI and the Coliseum Portfolio Managers have invested in the Everside Funds and also are members of Everside’s senior advisory committee. Coliseum has no economic interest in Everside and the services provided by Everside are separate and distinct from Coliseum’s advisory services. Coliseum’s personnel are not engaged in Everside’s investment management business, and Everside’s personnel are not engaged in Coliseum’s investment management business. Our Clients do not share the same investment strategies as the Everside Funds (whose investment objective is to principally invest in credit-focused SBIC investment funds). Coliseum does not share personnel or facilities with Everside or the Everside Funds. Coliseum will not invest its Clients’ assets in the Everside Funds, and Everside will not invest the Everside Funds’ assets in our Clients. While neither SGECI nor Coliseum’s personnel have any involvement in Everside’s investment activities, SGECI does have certain consent rights over significant transactions or actions that could disproportionately affect SGECI’s revenue share in Everside or its affiliated entities. On occasion, the Coliseum Portfolio Managers will introduce Investors and other persons to Everside for investment advisory services. Similarly, Everside personnel may introduce persons to Coliseum for investment advisory services. Coliseum and Everside and their personnel are not directly compensated for these referrals. However, to the extent that a
person that a Coliseum Portfolio Manager introduces to Everside subsequently invests in one of the Everside Funds, this will likely result in additional compensation to Everside due to SGECI’s revenue share in Everside and its affiliated entities.
Item 11. Code of ethics, participation in client transactions and personal trading
Code of Ethics. We have adopted a code of ethics (the “Code”) which is applicable to all of our officers and employees and other supervised persons (collectively, “Supervised Persons”). The Code generally sets the standard of ethical and professional business conduct that we require of all Supervised Persons, requires Supervised Persons to comply with applicable federal securities laws and regulations, and sets forth specific policies and procedures with respect to, among other things: (i) the prohibition of illegal insider trading and market manipulation; (ii) the receipt of material, non-public information and other confidential
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information; (iii) political contributions; (iv) limitations on, and reporting of, gifts and entertainment; (v) monitoring and restrictions related to the personal securities transactions and outside business activities of Supervised Persons; and (vi) the fiduciary obligations that we and all Supervised Persons owe to each Client. The Code is circulated at least annually to all Supervised Persons, and all Supervised Persons at least annually must certify in writing that they have received and followed the Code and any amendments thereto. We will provide a copy of the Code to any Client or prospective Client upon request. Personal Securities Transactions. We recognize that the personal securities transactions of Supervised Persons demand the application of a high code of ethics, and we require that all such transactions be carried out in a way that does not endanger the interest of any Client. Therefore, to address conflicts of interest, we have adopted a set of procedures, included in the Code, with respect to transactions effected by Supervised Persons for their personal accounts. Among other procedures, Supervised Persons generally must obtain preapproval of personal securities transactions (including all private placements and IPOs) and we have adopted a quarterly securities transaction reporting system for Supervised Persons to monitor compliance with our personal trading policy. We or our partners, members, managers or employees (or family members of the foregoing) invest for our own accounts (either directly or through entities formed by any of the foregoing persons), subject to the restrictions and procedures in the Code. Except as limited by the Governing Documents, we are not obligated to make any such investment for a Client if we determine that it is inappropriate or otherwise not practical or desirable to make such investment for a Client. Any of the foregoing persons also may invest for their own accounts in securities of issuers whose securities are subsequently purchased for a Client or are already held by a Client, although they generally will not invest concurrently unless they co-invest (directly or through Co-Invest Vehicles) with a Client in private investments. To address the risk that any such persons might use their knowledge about actual or proposed securities transactions for a Client to profit personally by the market effect of such transactions, the Code generally requires preapproval of all personal securities transactions.
General Conflicts Among Clients. Because we and our affiliates have fiduciary duties to different Clients, the interests of our Clients in selecting, allocating, negotiating and administering investments (and particularly in connection with liquidating investments) will conflict in some circumstances and we will have conflicting demands on our time and attention. We will attempt to resolve all such conflicts in a manner that is fair to all such interests. We allocate investment opportunities among Clients at our sole discretion and are not obligated to make any investment opportunity available to any particular Client. In addition, we select investments for Clients based solely on their own investment considerations. We will give advice and take action with respect to a particular Client that differs from the advice that we give or the timing or nature of action that we take with respect to any other Client. We also will buy or sell a security for one type of client but not for others. Further, we may buy or sell a security for one type of client while simultaneously selling or buying the same security for another type of client. Our policy, however, to the extent practicable, is to allocate investment opportunities we believe are appropriate for Clients among those Clients fairly over time, subject to our allocation policy regarding new investment opportunities and dispositions below. Subject to the criteria and restrictions set forth in the relevant Governing Documents, we generally expect to allocate new investment opportunities among (a) first, CCP and all other current and future investment funds/accounts managed or advised by us or an affiliate with the substantially same investment strategy as CCP (“Coliseum Flagship Funds”), to the extent such opportunities are appropriate for the Coliseum Flagship Funds and then (b) second, any other existing Clients or Clients that may be established in the future, to the extent such opportunities are appropriate for those Clients (for example, until a Client has reached its target hold level). An investment opportunity that remains available after the foregoing allocations is called a “co-investment opportunity.” We are not obligated to make any co-investment opportunity available to a co-investment vehicle such as CCC IV even if a Coliseum Flagship Fund has made an investment. In addition, we may make any such co-investment opportunity available to any third party (which may include Investors, any new co-investment vehicles established or any other third parties) to the extent permitted by the Governing Documents of the applicable Fund. For example, we may determine that a potential investment by the Coliseum Flagship Funds is too large or otherwise inappropriate for a co-investment vehicle and offer such co-investment opportunity to an Investor in a Coliseum Flagship Fund or other third party. We also may choose to participate in such co-investment opportunity ourselves or through affiliates if, in our exclusive judgment, such investment is not appropriate at that time for a Client. We generally expect that any full or partial liquidation of an investment (of the same class and security) in a portfolio company that is held by more than one Client will be made on a pro rata basis among them if such liquidation is being made solely due to our credit-based or other investment-related decision regarding the investment itself, but we may determine for portfolio management reasons related to any of our Clients (such as differences in investment strategy, liquidity or otherwise) or other good faith reason that it is not in the best interests of a particular Client to make such liquidation pro rata.
Further detail regarding our allocation methodology for new investment opportunities in portfolio companies and dispositions of investments is provided in the Governing Documents of the applicable Clients. The material conflicts of interest required to be disclosed pursuant to this Item 11 include those discussed below, although the discussion below does not necessarily describe all of the conflicts that a Client potentially faces. Other conflicts are disclosed in the Governing Documents for the applicable Client and throughout this brochure; the brochure should be read in its entirety for other conflicts. Management of Multiple Clients — Competing Interests. Different Clients’ investments, strategies and instruments could conflict. We may buy for Clients securities of issuers in which another Client has made, or is making, a senior or subordinate investment, which may create conflicts of interest. For example, if one Client is invested in debt securities of an issuer and another Client is invested in equity securities of the same issuer, if the issuer experiences financial or operating challenges which impact the price of its securities, decisions relating to actions to be taken may raise conflicts of interest between these Clients. A Client’s investment in securities of a portfolio company in which another Client has already invested may present particular conflicts of interest, including raising the risk of using such Client’s assets to support positions taken by another Client and the terms of the new financing as well as the allocation of investment opportunities. In addition, a Client may participate in re-leveraging and recapitalization transactions involving portfolio companies in which another Client has already invested or will invest. Conflicts of interest may arise, including determinations of whether existing investors are being cashed out at a price that is higher or lower than market value, subordinating existing investments to new investments that are not allocated among Investors in the same proportions, and whether new investors are paying too high or too low a price for the company or purchasing securities with terms that are more or less favorable than the prevailing market terms. Finally, a follow-on investment in securities of a portfolio company may be allocated to one Client and not another Client even though such opportunity has arisen by virtue of an existing investment in that portfolio company by the first Client. In such circumstances, we may in good faith take steps to reduce the potential for adversity among the applicable Clients, including causing one Client to take certain actions that, in the absence of such conflict, it would not take, such as: (i) remaining passive in a restructuring or similar situations; (ii) investing in the same or similar classes of instruments as the other Client in order to align their interests; (iii) disposing of such Client’s investment in the applicable portfolio company; or (iv) otherwise taking an action designed to reduce adversity. In some cases, we may take actions that could have the effect of benefiting one Client to the detriment of another Client. Cross Transactions. A cross transaction involves the buying or selling of securities from one Client to another. We may engage in cross trades under limited circumstances. However, we will only do so when we believe it is in the best interest of both Clients and is consistent with the investment objectives and policies of each Client involved in the trades. All such cross
transactions will be effected at a price of the securities involved in the trades determined by us in accordance with our pricing policies and procedures. Principal Transactions. We may enter into principal transactions with Clients by, for example, buying a security from, or selling a security to, a Client (or causing a Client in which we have a significant interest to enter into such a transaction with another Client). Any such transaction shall be approved by the applicable Client in the manner provided in the Client’s Governing Documents. Controlling Interests, Outside Directorships, Officer Positions. The Coliseum Portfolio Managers serve as directors of portfolio companies in which our Clients may invest or have invested. In addition, they may serve, from time to time, as officers of one or more such portfolio companies. The Coliseum Portfolio Managers may encounter an actual or potential conflict of interest where their fiduciary duties to such portfolio companies conflict with our duties to a Client. In such circumstances, the respective Coliseum Portfolio Manager will consider and take steps to alleviate or manage such conflict, as deemed appropriate under the circumstances, including but not limited to possibly recusing from board deliberations on conflicted manners, and if deemed appropriate, resigning from the applicable board. By serving in such capacity, the Coliseum Portfolio Managers will obtain material non-public information with respect to the applicable portfolio company. Due to the requirements of our Code of Ethics governing material non-public information, applicable regulatory restrictions (such as Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or Rule 144 of the Securities Act of 1933), or other obligations incurred due to these controlling interests, directorships or outside officer positions, we will be prohibited from taking action on behalf of a Client’s account. Therefore, we will be required to refrain from buying or selling such securities on behalf of a Client at times when we might otherwise wish to buy or sell such securities. This may limit our flexibility to buy or sell portfolio securities issued by such companies which could reduce potential profit or increase loss. The foregoing activities also could expose us or our Clients to litigation (whether as a plaintiff or defendant) or regulatory action with such portfolio companies, their security holders, and their creditors. Certain Economic/Tax Conflicts. Clients have different management fees, performance fees and/or carried interest or other compensation or profit sharing arrangements. Varying tax structures be employed by us with respect to the receipt of such fees and/or carried interest including but not limited to tax structures that are intended to provide favorable tax treatment to the general partner of a Fund or any of its affiliates, directors, officers or employees. Such other fees or tax structuring therefore create conflicts of interest or other incentives with respect to Clients. Different Tax Treatment of Certain Investors in the Funds. We take Investors’ tax considerations into account in some cases when determining if or when to liquidate investments
or enter into other transactions on behalf of a Fund. Such actions may be taken to benefit Investors that are subject to tax while having no benefit for tax-exempt Investors. In some cases, certain Investors may be adversely affected to the extent that any such decision causes a loss that a Fund otherwise would not have incurred (such as if we defer the liquidation of an investment for tax reasons and the investment subsequently declines in value).
Item 12. Brokerage practices
A. Criteria for Selection of Broker-Dealers In General—Brokerage Selection We have discretion to purchase and sell securities for our discretionary advisory Clients and to select the broker-dealer for securities transactions and in establishing the commission rates that those Clients pay such brokers. We looks to the overall quality of service provided by the broker and will consider many factors when making a selection for execution, including but not limited to the following:
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Financial strength and stability of the broker; The actual executed price of the security obtained by the broker and the broker’s commission rates; Research (including economic forecasts, investment strategy advice, fundamental and technical advice on individual securities, valuation advice and market analysis), custodial and other services provided by such brokers and/or dealers that are expected to enhance our general portfolio management capabilities; The size and type of the transaction; The difficulty of execution and the ability to handle difficult trades; Willingness to execute related or unrelated difficult transactions in the future; Willingness to commit capital in the execution of a trade, The operational facilities of brokers and/or dealers involved (including back office efficiency); and The ability to handle a block order for securities and distribution capabilities.
In no event are we under any duty to obtain the lowest commission or best net price for a Client on any particular transaction, nor are we under any duty to execute any order in a fashion either preferential to a Client relative to other Clients or otherwise materially adverse to such other Clients. We may effect transactions which cause a Client to pay an amount of commission in excess of the amount of commission another broker would have charged, provided, however, that we determine in good faith that such amount of commission is reasonable in relation to the value of brokerage and research services provided by such broker, viewed in terms of either the specific transaction or our overall responsibilities to a Client. The receipt and use of such services will not reduce our customary and normal research activities.
We periodically spot check execution prices against electronic pricing service data to ensure that brokers are obtaining market prices. At least annually, selected Supervised Persons will meet to review the execution performance of the firm’s qualified brokers. The review of brokers will consist of various factors that the reviewers deem necessary for Coliseum to make a reasonable decision about its best execution determinations. We may also engage in derivative transactions that are entered into under a negotiated agreement with a counterparty or futures commission merchant, including, but not limited to, swaps, futures, forwards and options. The agreements to trade these instruments must be in place prior to effecting a transaction. If we are unable to negotiate acceptable terms with a counterparty or are restricted from engaging certain counterparties for a Client, for example, based on our assessment of a counterparty’s creditworthiness and financial stability at any given time, the universe of counterparties that we can choose from will be limited and the standard for best execution may vary with the type of security or instrument involved in a particular transaction. Research and Other Soft Dollar Benefits “Soft dollars” refers to the practice of using a portion of the commission generated when executing Client transactions to acquire useful research and brokerage services from broker-dealers. We do not engage in soft dollar arrangements. We have retained Goldman Sachs to serve as the Funds’ prime broker and custodian. The services that Goldman Sachs currently provides as prime broker may include providing custody, margin financing, clearing, settlement and stock borrowing. Goldman Sachs provides us with other services, including, but not limited to: technology services, capital introduction services, portfolio reporting and access to electronic communications networks. We may use a substantial portion of these services for research and trading on behalf of Clients. Although many prime brokers provide similar services to investment advisers in exchange for brokerage, custody and clearance fees and other charges, if we did not receive these services from Goldman Sachs, we would be required to pay for all or some portion of them. We may direct some of our Clients’ securities transactions to Goldman Sachs and its affiliates, but we are not required to direct a particular number of trades to Goldman Sachs or to continue to use that firm as the Funds’ custodian, but we have an incentive to do so based on prior and continued services provided by Goldman Sachs. Brokerage for Client Referrals As indicated in Item 14, Goldman Sachs, which acts as prime broker to the Funds, may introduce prospective investors to Coliseum. We may direct Client brokerage transactions to brokers (including our prime broker, Goldman Sachs) who refer prospective investors to the Funds. The foregoing creates an incentive for us to direct more business to these
broker-dealers in order to generate future referrals. However, we will execute trades in accordance with the best execution principles outlined above. Directed Brokerage We do not engage in directed brokerage transactions.
Trade Errors We have an obligation to place orders correctly for Client accounts. If we make an error while placing a trade for a Client account, we will use our best commercially reasonable efforts to break or otherwise correct the trade. Losses for trade errors will be borne by the applicable Client account except for any such act or failure to act that is a result of improper conduct by us (e.g. fraud, willful misfeasance or gross negligence as finally determined by a court of competent jurisdiction). New Issues We may from time to time invest Client accounts in “new issues”, as defined in relevant rules established by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”). To the extent that we may determine to invest Clients in initial public offerings or other new issues, and to the extent such investments are subject to the restrictions imposed by FINRA rules, such investments will be allocated fairly and consistently with applicable FINRA rules. Such rules generally provide that broker-dealers, their affiliates and certain other persons (“restricted persons”) may not be able to participate in new issues. To the extent that Clients invest in new issues subject to these FINRA rules, we may take measures necessary to ensure compliance with applicable rules which may include, for example, prohibiting or limiting investment by restricted persons or by creating multiple class structures pursuant to which a certain class (or classes) of interests may be issued only to restricted persons while other classes exclude restricted persons. B. Aggregation of Orders/Allocation of Trades We may aggregate sale and purchase orders of securities for one Client with similar orders being made simultaneously for other Clients if, in our judgment, such aggregation is reasonably likely to result in an overall economic benefit to such Clients, in the aggregate, based on an evaluation that such Clients will benefit from relatively better purchase or sale prices, lower commission expenses or beneficial timing of transactions, or a combination of these and other factors. In many instances, we purchase or sell securities for a Client simultaneously with purchases or sales of like securities for other Clients. Such transactions may be made at slightly different prices, because of the volume of securities purchased or sold. In such event, a Client may be charged or credited, as the case may be, the average transaction price of all securities purchased or sold in such transactions. As a result, the price may be less favorable to a Client than it would be if similar transactions were not being executed concurrently for other Clients.
Item 13. Review of accounts
A. Periodic Reviews All accounts are reviewed by our senior investment professionals on a continuous basis to determine their conformity with investment objectives and guidelines. The investment professionals involved in portfolio management receive daily updates of portfolio positions and transactions or otherwise periodically as appropriate to the type of investment. Senior investment professionals, with the assistance of other investment professionals, regularly review and discuss portfolio status, potential investments, performance, and related issues. B. Client Reports Investors receive such reports as are provided for in the Fund’s Governing Documents. Fund financial statements will be prepared in accordance with U.S.
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Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and will be distributed to Investors after the end of the Fund’s fiscal year. Separate Account Clients and Consulting Clients receive such reports as negotiated individually with each such Client. We may rely on information provided by third parties in preparing reports, and a third party may assist in preparing or distributing reports. To the extent reports include or rely upon information from another source, we attempt to obtain such information from reliable sources; however, the accuracy of such information cannot be guaranteed. Reports may also include or rely upon fair value determinations made by us or a third party. While such valuations are made in good faith, their actual or empirical accuracy cannot be guaranteed. We, in our discretion, may provide more frequent reports and/or more detailed information to all or any of the Investors, Separate Account Clients or Consulting Clients.
Item 14. Client referrals and other compensation
A. Compensation by Non-Clients Prime Brokerage Services Each Fund has a relationship with Goldman Sachs to serve as prime broker and provide prime brokerage services to the Funds. Our use of a prime broker with respect to the Funds may yield increased administrative ease and, therefore, reduced expenses and increased profitability for us. Therefore we may be incentivized to do business with prime brokers who provide certain services. However, we do not believe that the Funds incur above-market cost for prime brokerage as the result of the prime broker providing these additional services. A prime broker may from time to time introduce potential investors to a Fund. We may take prime brokerage services, including capital introduction, into account when selecting a prime broker.
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Because an increase in the size of a Fund would likely result in additional compensation or other benefits to a prime broker, a prime broker may receive a benefit from introducing investors to a Fund.
B. Compensation for Client Referrals We have engaged a third party to provide marketing, solicitation and ongoing Client and Investor servicing in exchange for a percentage of the amounts invested by Investors or Clients for certain strategies and as a percentage of the management fees we would otherwise receive with respect to other strategies. Any payment made pursuant to this arrangement creates an incentive for the third party to recommend investing in a Fund or establishing a Separate Account, and maintaining such investment or Separate Account, resulting in a material conflict of interest. The relevant prospective Investors or Clients receive appropriate disclosure of that arrangement. As disclosed in further detail in Item 10, personnel associated with Everside will introduce persons to us for investment advisory services. We will not compensate Everside for such introductions.
Item 15. Custody
Private Investment Funds Except for certain privately offered securities, neither we nor our affiliates maintain physical possession of the funds or securities of the Funds. To the extent required by the Advisers Act Rule 206(4)-2 (the “Custody Rule”), physical custody of Fund assets (other than certain privately offered securities) will be maintained with a bank, trust company, broker-dealer or other qualified custodian (“Qualified Custodian”) selected by us in our exclusive discretion, which selection may change from time to time generally without the consent of Investors in the Fund. The Funds are subject to an annual audit and the audited financial statements are distributed to each investor.
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From time to time we form special purpose entities (“Special Purpose Entities”) for particular investment opportunities. Some of these Special Purpose Entities have one or more Funds and one of our Separate Account clients as investors. For purposes of the Custody Rule, we are deemed to have custody of the assets of these types of Special Purpose Entities and to comply with the Custody Rule, these Special Purpose Entities will be subject to an annual audit and audited financial statements are distributed to the investors in those Special Purpose Entities. Separate Accounts Neither we nor our affiliates will maintain physical possession of the funds or securities that a Client maintains in a Separate Account. To the extent required by the Custody Rule, the assets in a Separate Account are deposited with Qualified Custodian selected by the Client. The Qualified Custodian will send quarterly, or more frequently, account statements directly to the Separate Account Client. Separate Account Clients should carefully review those statements.
Item 16. Investment discretion
In general, we have discretionary authority to manage the portfolios of the Funds and our Separate Account Clients, other than Separate Accounts that we advise on a non-discretionary basis pursuant to the terms of our investment advisory agreements with those Clients. We have no discretionary authority with respect to our Consulting Clients. In exercising our discretionary authority, we have the ability to make the following determinations without obtaining the consent of any Client before the transactions are effected:
the investments that are to be bought or sold;
the total amount of investments to be bought or sold;
the brokers, investment banks or placement agents, if any, through which investments are to be bought or sold; and
the acquisition price and associated fees at which investment transactions for a Client are effected.
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Our discretionary authority is derived from our authority to manage securities accounts on behalf of Clients pursuant to (a) the Governing Documents, including the Management Agreement of the Fund and (b) a limited power of attorney in each other discretionary Client’s Separate Account agreement.
Item 17. Voting client securities
We have been delegated the authority to vote proxies regarding securities held by our discretionary advisory Clients. We have adopted and implemented policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure that we vote proxies in the best interests of our Clients. In the absence of specific voting guidelines from a Client, we will vote proxies in the best interests of each particular Client, which may result in different voting results for proxies for the same issuer. We believe that voting proxies in accordance with the following guidelines is in the best interests of our Clients.
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Generally, we will vote in favor of routine corporate housekeeping proposals, including election of directors (where no corporate governance issues are implicated), selection of auditors, and increases in or reclassification of common stock. For other proposals, we shall determine whether a proposal is in the best interests of our Clients and may take into account the following factors, among others:
whether the proposal was recommended by management and our opinion of management;
whether the proposal acts to entrench existing management; and
whether the proposal fairly compensates management for past and future performance.
We may refrain from voting a proxy if we determine it is not in the best interest of its Client, if the security it not held as of the record date or if we determine there is no benefit to voting the proxy. To determine whether a material conflict of interest exists in voting a proxy, we attempt to consider all factors related to a proxy vote that could affect the value of the investment. In the event that a material conflict of interest exists, we will give the Clients the opportunity to vote the proxy themselves. Upon request, Clients may obtain a copy of our proxy voting policies or information on how we voted proxies on behalf of the Client.
Item 18. Financial information
We do not require, nor do we solicit prepayment of fees six months or more in advance. We are not aware of having any financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair our ability to meet our contractual commitments to our Clients. We have not been subject to a bankruptcy petition in the last 10 years. 07107\002\9446746.v12
Form ADV Part 2A, via the SEC Investment Adviser Public Disclosure site.