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Record Currency Management Inc: investment adviser
Record Currency Management (US) Inc, doing business as Record Currency Management Inc, is an investment adviser registered with the SEC (file 801-79684, CRD 171338). What it reports on Form ADV: assets and clients, fees, owners, disciplinary history and its client brochure. From the SEC's Investment Adviser Public Disclosure site; read Oct 21, 2026.
- Assets managed
- $19.7B
- Discretionary
- 100%
- Accounts
- 8
- Employees
- 3
- In advisory roles
- 2
- Disclosures
- 0
SEC adviser record · Full Form ADV (PDF)
The firm reports no custody of client cash or securities.
Form ADV Part 1A, Item 5, as filed on the SEC Investment Adviser Public Disclosure site; read Oct 21, 2026.
Clients and fees
Whom the firm advises and how it is paid, from Items 5.D, 5.E and 5.G.
| Client type | Clients | Assets | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| Registered funds | 1 | $144.7M | 0.7% |
How it is paid
- Fixed fees (other than subscription fees)
- Other: Salary, management fee agreement, group profit scheme
Services
- Portfolio management for pooled investment vehicles (other than investment companies)
- Portfolio management for businesses (other than small businesses) or institutional clients (other than registered investment companies and other pooled investment vehicles)
- Selection of other advisers (including private fund managers)
- Publication of periodicals or newsletters
- Educational seminars/workshops
- Other: ADVISORY SERVICES TO SPECIFIED CLIENTS OF RECORD CURRENCY MANAGEMENT LIMITED
Who owns it
Schedule A lists direct owners of 5% or more (and officers who own a stake); Schedule B lists the owners of those owners.
Direct owners (Schedule A)
| Owner | Type | Role | Stake | Since | Control | Public company |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Record PLC | Company (outside the U.S.) | Parent company (100% owner) | E 75% or more | Jun 2011 | Yes |
Indirect owners (Schedule B)
| Owner | Owns a stake in | Type | Stake | Control | Public company |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neil Peter Record | Record PLC | Person | C 25% to 50% | Yes |
Form ADV reports ownership in bands, not exact stakes: A means 5% to 10%, B 10% to 25%, C 25% to 50%, D 50% to 75%, E 75% or more. F marks a general partner, trustee or managing member, a role that controls the firm without a percentage. Owners of less than 5% are not listed.
Form ADV Schedules A and B, via the SEC Investment Adviser Public Disclosure site.
Disciplinary history
The firm answered No to every disciplinary question on Form ADV (Item 11).
The brochure
Form ADV Part 2A: the plain-language document an adviser must give its clients. Each item is shown as filed; open an item to read all of it.
Record Currency Management Inc Firm Brochure June 2026, filed Jun 30, 2026. Brochure PDF. Items: 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18
Item 4. Advisory business
At Record, our principal focus is on currency management and developing a deep understanding of the risk and reward opportunities in currency markets. Record Inc. operates from New York and provides limited advice to clients in relation to currency, the effects this may have on their portfolios, and currency management strategies. Record Inc. provides advice in the form of market newsletters and advice on an intermittent or periodic basis either in response to a client request or market event. Record Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Record plc. Record was founded in 1983 by Neil Record and is a regulated provider of currency management services.
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Record Currency Management (US) Inc.(Record Inc.), Record Currency Management Limited (Record), Record Currency Management (Switzerland) GmbH (Record Switzerland) and Record Asset Management GmbH are 100% owned by their parent holding company Record plc. Record plc is listed on the Main Market of the London Stock Exchange since our IPO in 2007. Advisory Services Record is a specialist asset manager delivering best-in-class solutions to large institutional investors. The specific services provided by Record to a particular client depends upon the investment objectives and restrictions, investment instrument limitations and guidelines agreed with the client, as set forth in the documents governing Record’s agreement with the client. Record provides advisory services and implementation through separately managed accounts, and through funds under the laws of a number of jurisdictions. Record operates various types of currency mandates for clients: Risk Management (a)
Passive currency hedging
Passive Hedging aims to reduce portfolio volatility by removing currency risk. This is achieved through symmetrical elimination of currency exposure from clients’ international portfolios. Record’s approach combines investment efficiency with operational excellence. Clients benefit from best execution, custom benchmarks, optimised exposure capture, management of cash flows and a complete reporting suite, including regulatory reporting. (b)
Enhanced passive hedging
Enhanced Passive Hedging and Tenor Management builds on Record’s core offering, aiming to add value by exploiting market inefficiencies without affecting the consistent protection against currency moves. Record’s market-leading approach requires constant monitoring and innovation from a specialist team, using bespoke infrastructure to both identify and capture opportunities within a robust risk management framework (c)
Active currency hedging
Active currency hedging is an attractive alternative to passive hedging and has reduction of currency volatility and generating value as dual objectives. Dynamic Hedging allows user entities to benefit from foreign currency strength whilst protecting from foreign currency weakness relative to the user entities’
base currency. Record also provides an Adaptive Factor Hedging solution, which dynamically adjusts hedge ratios over time using a systematic framework driven by a diverse set of market signals. (d)
Solutions for Asset Managers
Initially developed as an extension of our Passive Hedging experience and expertise, these bespoke solutions are tailored specifically to the individual asset manager’s strategy and structure of their underlying investments with a focus on liquidity management, efficient implementation and granular reporting. Absolute Return (e)
FX Alpha
The FX Alpha product suite is a systematic multi-strategy offering which combines multiple return drivers into a single balanced portfolio that targets consistent returns in a variety of market conditions. FX Alpha targets risk premia and market inefficiencies within the currency markets, combining a mix of fundamental and quantitative models over short to long-term horizons. These portfolios trade in both developed and emerging markets, resulting in a diversified return stream for clients which performs in a variety of market conditions with low correlation to traditional assets. (f)
Multi-Asset Risk Premia
Commodity Risk Premia – The strategy sells straddle options on several commodities and delta hedges the exposures with the respective underlying futures contacts, adding to the client’s diversified risk premia portfolio. Inflation Risk Premia – The strategy receives the fixed leg of Zero-Coupon inflation swaps, targeting the Inflation Risk Premia embedded in market pricing of such inflation instruments. FX Short Volatility – Sells call and put options on FX forward rates and delta hedges the exposures, targeting the risk premia in currency option pricing. Private Markets (g)
EM Local Debt
Record’s FX Alpha offering combines multiple systematic return drivers into a balanced portfolio that targets consistent returns in a variety of market conditions. The strategy is diversified across developed and emerging markets and allocates to each through a mix of fundamental and quantitative signals. The unique sources of return exploited over multiple time horizons and risk regimes aim to deliver a stable return that is uncorrelated with risks elsewhere in client portfolios. Importantly, the strategy can be run unfunded (as an overlay), simply adding to the returns generated elsewhere in the portfolio. A funded implementation (over cash and/or asset) is also available. (h)
Emerging / Frontier markets
During the period, the new CEO has instigated a strategy that includes looking into services aimed at emerging markets. By their nature, these are higher risk and as part of the new product approval process, due diligence and risk assessment are currently underway in order to assess the risks posed before making any final decisions. For the purposes of this risk assessment, I have included some reference to this activity although it remains ongoing. The RCML Board will need to approve the establishment of any new high-risk relationship under our current processes – which will only be done once the risk assessment and due diligence processes have been complete (all Board members are aware of the ongoing processes).
Ancillary services (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
Interest Rate Hedging – Provide a range of interest risk management solutions for fund managers that can significantly reduce the administrative burden typically associated with bank onboarding. Cash management - Some user entities retain Record to manage a cash pot which is set aside to service settlements or cover margin calls arising from the main currency product. Cash may be invested in short-term government securities or placed on deposit to target a cash return. Futures overlay - Record targets enhanced cash return by seeking exposure to the relevant and appropriate markets (e.g. S&P500 or Long Gilts) through the management of exchange traded futures, as agreed with the user entity. Bespoke / tactical currency assignments - Record is able to construct bespoke currency programs in response to specific client requirements, which can be tactical and relatively short-term in nature. Such assignments can include instruments such as currency options, credit derivatives, and interest rate swaps, in addition to forward foreign exchange contracts. Fiduciary execution services - Record regularly executes spot transactions relating to the underlying purchase or sale of securities by user entities or the underlying managers and simultaneously adjusts the currency hedging program to reduce cost and avoid any slippage between the underlying transaction and the hedge. Some user entities instruct Record to execute spot transactions unrelated to any associated hedging activity, and any such transactions attract a per trade fee. Collateral and Liquidity Management - Record offers a service to manage and monitor a user entity’s daily margin requirements, either due to a regulatory requirement or to manage counterparty exposure. Record’s liquidity management proposition consists of assessing and monitoring how much liquidity is required to meet the margin requirements associated with the program. As above, Record can implement a strategy (in line with liquidity needs and return objectives) to minimise cash drag by managing any surplus cash to earn a return. Provision of signals – for the Client to trade (or have traded) on their own or their clients’ accounts.
(viii) Partnerships – Record acts as a referral agent for specific third-party investment management strategies. Our advice is limited to the types of investments stated above. AUM As a currency and asset manager, Record Inc. manages only the impact of foreign exchange and not the underlying assets; therefore its ‘assets under management’ are notional rather than real. To distinguish this from the AUM of conventional asset managers, Record Inc. uses the concept of Assets under Management Equivalents (AUME) and by convention this is quoted in US dollars. AUM as of March 31, 2026 is $19,661 million.
Item 5. Fees and compensation
FX Alpha, Passive, Enhanced Passive, Active Hedging, Solutions for Asset Managers and Multi-Asset Risk Premia fees consist of either a management fee based on the gross value of currency positions managed or a lower management fee on the same terms with an additional performance fee charged on returns above an agreed benchmark. There are no standard fees as all exposures have their own unique characteristics. Fees may vary according to complexity (non-standard implementation), mandate size, gearing and return target offered. In addition, clients who have seeded strategies or who have been early participants in strategies may have received preferable rates. Record typically invoices clients quarterly in arrears for fees due.
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Clients may also be subject to additional fees in relation to services provided by Record but these fees are not controlled or influenced by Record. Typical types of additional fees that clients may face and consider are custodian fees and prime broker fees where applicable. Record has never received any soft commission. Record has third-party introducer arrangements in place with respect to both clients being introduced to Record as well as Record introducing clients to selected partners. This is separately disclosed to any impacted client. Record has a commission structure in place for new segregated mandates where eligible staff may receive a proportion of management fees which is independent of the Group Profit Share & Share Incentive Schemes. Record Inc. is compensated via a management fee agreement with its affiliate, Record Currency Management Limited and Record’s US staff receive salary and participates in group profit share schemes. Record has a commission structure in place for new segregated mandates where eligible staff may receive a proportion of management fees which is independent of the Group Profit Share & Share Incentive Schemes. Record Inc. has never received any soft commission.
Item 6. Performance-based fees and side-by-side management
Record Inc. receives fees from its affiliate, Record Currency Management Limited, based on a specific list of clients and a management fee agreement. Should any client pay a performance fee, this would have no impact on the management fee agreement between Record Inc. and Record Currency Management Limited. The side-by-side management of fixed and performance based fees by Record Currency Management Limited is detailed within Record Currency Management Limited’s Firm Brochure. Record Inc. adheres to Record Group Conflicts of Interest and Code of Ethics policies.
Item 7. Types of clients
In addition to investment funds, corporations, charitable organizations and pension plans, Record Inc. may also work for governmental organizations, banks, insurance companies or high net worth individuals.
Item 8. Methods of analysis, investment strategies and risk of loss
Record Inc. provides advice to certain clients of its affiliate, Record Currency Management Limited. The principal information sources used by Record in managing the currency exposures are live data feeds such as Reuters and Bloomberg. For historical analysis Record uses its own database of currency information built up from public sources, as well as data from an independent 3rd part currency TCA provider. The information is fed into our proprietary system to provide buy/sell instructions, for spot transaction and forward exchange contracts. Record’s core strategies are passive hedging, active hedging (encompassing both dynamic hedging and signal hedging) and currency for return mandates.
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Passive Hedging The Passive Hedging strategy is non-discretionary hedging of a proportion of the client’s international assets. Passive hedging involves the symmetrical elimination of currency volatility, whether beneficial or adverse. Record’s passive hedging programs are designed to minimize transaction costs, to make the resultant cash flows easier to manage and to add opportunistic value through active tenor management. Signal Hedging The Signal Hedging strategy uses rule-based and quantitative methods (based on interest rate differentials, momentum and value) that seek greater exposure to hedges that are expected to be profitable, and reduced exposure to hedges that are expected to be loss-making. The quantitative signals are used to determine the hedge ratios on each exposure currency on a periodic basis. Active Hedging The Dynamic Hedging strategy allows discretion around the extent of hedging in place and is systematically applied to remove foreign currency exposure during periods where those currencies are observed to be weakening against the base currency. Dynamic Hedging imposes a systematic process seeking to protect clients from adverse currency movements, whilst allowing clients to benefit from positive movements. This is therefore an asymmetric process, which is designed to provide downside protection. The Signal Hedging strategy uses rule-based and quantitative methods (based on interest rate differentials, momentum and value) that seek greater exposure to hedges that are expected to be profitable, and reduced exposure to hedges that are expected to be loss-making. The quantitative signals are used to determine the hedge ratios on each exposure currency on a periodic basis. FX Alpha The FX Alpha strategies use largely systematically applied proprietary investment approaches which seek to add excess return over an agreed benchmark. Record has a range of return-seeking strategies. These take advantage of key return opportunities in the currency markets, in particular currency carry and emerging markets.
Carry Carry is the observation that higher interest rate currencies tend to outperform lower interest rate currencies. At Record we regard Carry as a fundamental and independent risk premium. Returns vary according to the risk budget applied. Programs can be structured to meet a wide variety of risk/return objectives. Emerging Markets Long/Short (EMLS) EMLS targets return from investment in EM and select DM currencies via exploitation of currency risk premia factors with no directional EM view taken: real exchange rate appreciation due to stronger productivity growth, reversion back to fair value, and carry risk premia. We have a range of strategies that are intended to exploit the long-term appreciation potential of emerging market currencies and Record offers both passive and active strategies through either pooled fund structures (pooled funds are not currently publicly marketed in the US) or segregated accounts. Opportunities also exist for optimizing existing emerging market currency exposure in underlying equity and bond portfolios. Financial Fair Value (FFV) FFV targets return from medium-term currency misvaluations by analysing non-FX asset classes (equities, commodities, interest rates). The evolution of these asset classes can explain some of the movements allowing the residual unexplained misvaluations to be exploited. Value Record’s research suggests that purchasing power parity (PPP) valuation models are relatively good predictors of the long-term direction of spot movements. For example, if a currency deviates too much from its equilibrium value (as indicated by PPP), then this deviation will correct. The more significant the deviation, the more pressure on the exchange rate to revert to fair value and, consequently, the more rapid the reversion. Currency value strategies exploit this insight, buying currencies that are undervalued relative to PPP and selling currencies that appear overvalued. Range-Trading Range-Trading in currency is the observation that short-term FX volatility overpredicts the drift of currencies over the longer term, on average. In markets where there is short-term excess supply versus demand, the price must move to incite the entry of liquidity providers to clear the mismatch. Once the imbalance is cleared, prices will likely revert towards their previous level. Range-Trading seeks to profit by selling (buying) currencies as they appreciate (depreciate) and buying (selling) them back was they revert. Positions are taken based on the delta of a hypothetical option position. Developed Market Classification (DMC) Developed Market Classification uses a quantitative machine learning model to systematically allocate to various currency factor groups based on their perceived ability to explain outturn G10 vs. USD currency moves. Emerging Market Classification (EMC) Emerging Market Classification uses a quantitative machine learning model to systematically allocate to various currency factor groups according to their perceived ability to explain outturn EM vs USD currency moves.
Multi-Strategy The product consists of seven standalone strategies – Carry, Value, Financial Fair Value, Emerging Markets Long/Short, Range Trading, DMC and EMC – that aim to exploit a diverse range of FX market risk premia. These strategies have low or negative correlation with one another and, when combined, with major equity and bond universes. The product is designed to target attractive risk-adjusted returns over a full market cycle and under a variety of market conditions. Counterparty exposure Due to the primary use of over-the-counter (OTC) instruments, clients have exposure to different counterparties. Record is conscious of this exposure and has in place a Credit Risk Policy designed to mitigate this risk (amongst others). This policy is overseen by the Credit Committee and counterparties credit ratings are reviewed daily. Additionally, variation margin may also be used or in some cases prescribed by regulation to mitigate and reduce counterparty exposure. A copy of Record’s Credit Risk
Policy is available on request.
Record also promotes the investment strategy provided by selected partners. For completeness: Record’s selected partner, Teres International, provides bespoke return -seeking strategies designed for individual clients or within pooled funds. Each bespoke strategy would be agreed between the relevant Teres International Company and the Client.
Item 9. Disciplinary information
Record Inc. has no legal or disciplinary events to report.
Item 10. Other financial industry activities and affiliations
Record Currency Management Limited is Investment Manager to Record Inc. clients as well as the Record UCITS ICAV. Pooled funds are not currently publicly marketed in the US. Record Asset Management GmbH is a subsidiary of Record plc. The company is a German MiFID firm. Record has partnered to provide investment services and marketing for a selection of Teres International Group entities or clients, based in multiple jurisdictions for example Luxembourg. Teres international is an investment firm that specializes in identifying investment opportunities at the juncture of technological advancement and the financial world. They work with their clients and partners to deliver bespoke structures financial and fintech solutions. Inte Securities LLC (CRD#47107 & SEC#8-51667) - a non-exclusive arrangement for the introduction of Prospective Clients to Record Currency Management Limited.
Item 11. Code of ethics, participation in client transactions and personal trading
and personal trading Record has adopted a Code of Ethics in compliance with Rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). Record is required by Rule 204A -1 to adopt a code of ethics which, among other things, sets forth the standards of business conduct required of its Supervised Persons (as such term is defined in the Code of Ethics) and requires those Supervised Persons to comply with U.S. federal securities laws. A strict dealing policy is in place and employee compliance is reviewed regularly. Shares in Record plc or any derivative or currency for profit transaction must be pre-cleared. Employees must obtain preclearance before directly or indirectly acquiring Beneficial Interest in any security in an Initial Public Offering or a Limited Offering.
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Other transactions must be declared on a quarterly basis. For itself, the only financial market transactions that Record undertakes are spot and forward foreign exchange contracts as well as cash management activities. The sole reason for this is to ensure the foreign exchange receivables are fixed in Sterling terms i.e. a transaction hedge and efficient cash management. A copy of Record’s Code of Ethics is available on request.
Item 12. Brokerage practices
Record Inc. can discuss practices of its affiliate, Record Currency Management Limited and these are detailed here for completeness. As a currency manager, Record as the client’s agent undertakes currency spot and forward transactions with major banks. A panel of banks is agreed with each client or the client agrees to use Record's internally approved bank panel. It is Record policy that:
All counterparties on the Tier 1 or Tier 2 Approved Counterparty List must have long-term ratings from at least two of these rating agencies e.g. Moody’s; Standard & Poor’s; or Fitch; Where ratings differ between agencies, the lower rating will apply; where ratings are placed on watch for a downgrade, the lower rating (i.e.
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after the potential downgrade) will apply; Notwithstanding a long-term credit rating at or above the minimum threshold set out below, the Credit Committee may still decide not to include a counterparty on the relevant Approved Counterparty List. A variety of factors will be taken into account including, but not limited to credit rating history, both long and short term, credit default swap daily price movement, and the regulatory regime covering the counterparty; Counterparties with a long-term credit rating of BBB/Baa2 and above may be included on either Approved Counterparty List, at the discretion of the Credit Committee, after careful consideration of factors including, but not limited to credit rating, credit default swap levels, the regulatory regime covering the counterparty and their capital adequacy rules, size and standing of the counterparty in the particular region and the status of any government backing; Any downgrades below the relevant threshold will require the Credit Committee to re-affirm the inclusion of the counterparty on either Approved Counterparty List; The removal of a counterparty from either Approved Counterparty List will result in: (i) no new transactions, except to reduce risk; and (ii) run-off of existing transactions. In some circumstances, the Credit Committee may instruct outstanding positions to be closed and realised in a prudent, but timely manner, as approved under Section 5 Discretionary Decisions Tier 1 criteria (e.g. pensions schemes, foundations, etc.): The minimum threshold for a counterparty to be included on the Tier 1 Approved Counterparty List is a long-term rating of A+/A1 for uncollateralised trading and a long-term rating of BBB/Baa2 for collateralised trading Tier 2 criteria (e.g. unregulated funds, special purpose vehicles, etc.): The minimum threshold for a counterparty to be included on the Tier 2 Approved Counterparty List is a long-term rating of BBB/Baa2 (regardless of the collateralisation status). By default all clients will adopt the Tier 1 Approved Counterparty List, unless the Record and the client agrees that counterparties are selected from the Tier 2 Approved Counterparty List.
Client specific requirements Subject to agreement by Record Currency Management Limited, a client may elect to opt out of this policy in its entirety or stipulate their own credit criteria, approved counterparties or bespoke counterparty panel which may include counterparties that are not on the Approved Counterparty List.
Collateralization In order to mitigate credit risk, Record will look at various options that may include collateralization. In some jurisdictions, this may be driven by regulatory obligations. As there are various types of collateralized arrangements on offer, which may include an external party providing the collateralization services, each solution will be assessed on its merits. It is acknowledged that collateralization does not remove all credit risk. There is a risk that the collateral received from a counterparty does not cover the valuation of the position, for example where there is a minimum transfer amount, while any haircuts have an element of credit risk by their nature. Best Execution Policy This Policy describes how Record achieves best execution for its clients. At the outset the following factors should be borne in mind when reading this policy:
The Foreign Exchange Market (where the vast majority of Record trading takes place) is one of the most liquid and sizeable markets in the world with many competing market makers and with prices moving within milliseconds. As soon as a trade is struck the price will have moved. Transactions in the wholesale Foreign Exchange Market attract no direct fees; the bid/ask spread determines the price for participation. Record does not earn commission on its trades and there are no conflicting entities within the Record Group.
1.1 Purpose The purpose of this policy is to document Record Currency Management’s approach to Best Execution. 1.2 Regulatory background The FCA requires investment firms to provide their clients with Best Execution. This is set out in their Rulebook and states “A firm must take all sufficient steps to obtain, when executing orders, the best possible result for their clients taking into account the execution factors”. 1.3 Overview of Record’s approach Record operates under discretionary management agreements with each of their clients, which describe the Investment Guidelines within which Record can act. Record acts as agent for all client orders that are executed. Record is not the counterparty to any of the orders executed; the counterparties to the order are the client and the counterparty bank with whom the order is executed. Record has no ties to any counterparty banks, does not earn commission on the orders it executes and there are no conflicting execution venues or counterparties within the Record plc Group. Record has a Conflicts of Interest Policy that is provided to all clients. 1.4 Scope of instruments covered Record executes orders across multiple asset classes and, as at the date of this policy, the following are covered:
Foreign Exchange (spot, deliverable forwards, non-deliverable forwards, options) Exchange Traded Derivatives (index futures, rate futures, bond futures) Regulated Trades (MAT Rate Swaps) Fixed Income (Treasury Bills, Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS), Bonds) Other OTC derivatives (Inflation, Interest rate, Credit, Fixed Income and Equity OTC derivatives)
In any other circumstances, Traders will make an assessment on a case by case basis, using their experience to select the most appropriate execution methods, and in selecting the most appropriate counterparty with whom to transact, in order that the best overall result for the client is achieved.
Item 2. Foreign Exchange 2.1
Background
This section covers the majority of orders executed by Record. The Foreign Exchange Market is one of the most liquid and sizeable markets in the world; there are many competing market makers and fast-moving rates and prices, while a ‘bid/offer spread’ ordinarily determines the price for par ticipation. 2.2
FX Global Code of Conduct
The FX Global Code of Conduct is a set of principles of good practice for foreign exchange market participants covering ethics, governance, execution, information sharing, risk management and compliance, and confirmation and settlement processes. Record has signed a Statement of Commitment to the FX Global Code, and Record will conduct all aspects of its business in a manner consistent with the Code, in particular with respect to execution, but equally with respect to the other principles. 2.3
Counterparty Banks Selection
Record maintains trading relationships with a range of counterparty banks, in order to access a wide amount of the market’s liquidity. For each individual client, Record will seek to put in place a diverse counterparty list, taking into account certain factors which will determine the makeup of each individual list: 2.4
Counterparties are on the Approved Counterparty List (ACL); the criteria for inclusion on the ACL are documented in Record’s Credit Risk Policy Counterparties are willing to grant the client an FX credit line Clients specific requirements Number of counterparties each client is willing to exchange collateral with (where applicable) Suitable netting agreement in place Execution Factors and Process
Record takes into account the following execution factors when executing an order for any particular client: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Counterparty Limits Market Conditions Price Speed
When executing an order Record will first take into account any client specific counterparty limits documented in the Investment Guidelines. Record traders will examine the order to be carried out bearing in mind the “state” of the market (volatility, activity, etc.). This will also take into account the timing of key data releases. Traders will also look to execute orders in the most liquid part of the day, taking into account the currencies involved in the order. The trader will decide whether the order is best carried out aggregated with other orders or disaggregated into several smaller orders to ensure a “market size” order; i.e. an order of a size that can be absorbed by the market under prevailing conditions. The policy for aggregating transactions is detailed in the separate Order Allocation Policy. Subject to any counterparty limits, and the trader’s assessment of the market, the most important execution factor is price (which can be a function of market spreads, credit costs, or a combination of both). In order to ensure the quotes received are in line with the market, the Traders monitor market price feeds showing current market prices/quotes currently available in the market and we take a snapshot of market
levels automatically at the point of execution. Where appropriate we will ask for quotes from multiple counterparty banks. The winning and losing quotes are stored for analysis referenced in Section 8. Speed will only be taken into account when a counterparty is deemed to have taken an excessive amount of time to quote for an order, such that the market is likely to have moved significantly from the point at which it was observed originally. The trader may execute any order either by telephone, electronically via a multibank system or recorded communication channel, or via an algorithm. The method of execution is at the discretion of the Trading Team, and is influenced by the execution factors detailed in 2.4. Automated workflow-based execution, feeding into these methods of execution, may also be used at the discretion of the Trading team. In some cases, order execution may target an agreed benchmark rate. Record will monitor the benchmark rate price offerings from the available counterparties and choose the counterparty which offers the best all in price.
Item 3. Exchange Traded Derivatives 3.1
Background
All exchange traded derivative (ETD) orders are executed on a Recognised Market/Investment Exchange. The relevant exchange is consistent with the contract being transacted. 3.2
Counterparty Broker Selection
Record’s clients do not have direct membership to any exchange. Record passes orders to futures brokers who execute the orders on Record’s clients’ behalf on the exchange. Futures brokers do not take market risk from the orders received by Record and thus are financially remunerated by clearing and execution fees. These fees are pre-agreed with each futures broker on a contract by contract basis. Record will engage with various brokers in order to ensure fees are reasonable and fair. In many circumstances a client will only have access to one futures broker; this is primarily due to the relatively low volume of exchange traded derivative orders executed and minimum fee clauses. 3.3
Execution Factors and Execution Process
Record takes into account the following execution factors when executing an ETD order: 1. 2.
Costs Price
Record instructs the broker to undertake the transactions by telephone, electronically or recorded communication channel. The futures broker is obliged to complete the order in accordance with their own policies and procedures relating to Best Execution. Alternatively Record may execute orders via Direct Market Access; in this case the role of the broker is to give Record direct access to the exchange via their membership. In order to achieve the best result for the client with respect to the investment objectives, Record may instruct the broker to carry out the order at a particular time of day. This may be, as examples, the cash close or the futures close. This will be dependent on the contract being traded and the liquidity conditions. This practice seeks to maintain a low tracking error vs the client’s benchmark. Record may also execute orders at other times, subject to investment objectives and any specific instructions from Record’s Investment Management Group, individual client or Portfolio Manager. Futures orders may be aggregated, and the policy for aggregating transactions is detailed in the separate Order Allocation Policy.
Item 4. Fixed Income 4.1
Background
All fixed income orders are executed via a counterparty bank. The instruments which are bought and sold are debt instruments issued by national governments or supranational entities. 4.2
Counterparty Broker Selection
Record maintains trading relationships with a range of counterparty banks. For each individual client, Record will seek to put in place a list of eligible counterparties, taking into account the fixed income instruments the client wants to execute. 4.3
Execution Factors and Process
Record takes into account the following execution factors when executing any order: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Exposure limits Liquidity Cost Price
Record may purchase fixed income securities on behalf of its clients as an alternative to other money market instruments which have direct credit exposure to the counterparty bank. The primary objective is to diversify and reduce credit risk for the client. Record may purchase fixed income securities on behalf of its clients on the primary market or on the secondary market. When executing an order, Record will first take into account any client specific limits documented in the Investment Guidelines. Given that fixed income instruments are bought as an alternative to other cash instruments, it is also important to make an assessment of market liquidity to be able to sell the instrument back when the liquidity is required by the client. Subject to any limits and the liquidity of the instrument, separate considerations are then taken into account for orders executed on the primary or secondary market. Primary market orders involve Record placing a bid for a specific fixed income instrument with a bank. Record monitors any charge levied by each bank for accepting primary market orders, and seeks to place the orders with the bank which charges the lowest fee. Other than the fee, the achieved price will be identical irrespective of which bank the order was placed with, and consistent with the bid made. For orders executed on the secondary market, price is the primary execution factor. There can be significant differences in the fixed income inventories held by different fixed income banks, which can lead to different banks quoting different prices. Where possible, Record obtains more than one quote for a desired order. Record will execute at the best price from the available counterparties. The trader may execute any order either by telephone, or electronically via a multibank system or recorded communication channel. Fixed income orders may be aggregated; the policy for aggregating transactions is detailed in the separate Order Allocation Policy.
Item 5. Regulated trades 5.1
Background
All financial instrument that are mandated to be traded on a regulated venue must be traded via a Multilateral Trading Facility or Swap Execution Facility as applicable.
5.2
MTF/SEF Selection
Record maintains trading relationships with FXall, 360T and Tradeweb (who offer UK and EU MTFs and SEF venues). 5.3
Counterparty Banks Selection
Record maintains trading relationships with a range of counterparty banks, in order to access a wide amount of the market’s liquidity. For each individual client, Record will seek to put in place a diverse counterparty list, taking into account certain factors which will determine the makeup of each individual list: 5.4
Counterparties are on the Approved Counterparty List (ACL); the criteria for inclusion on the ACL are documented in Record’s Credit Risk Policy Counterparties are willing to grant the client an FX line Clients specific requirements Number of counterparties each client is willing to exchange collateral with (where applicable) Suitable netting agreement in place Execution Factors and Process
Record takes into account the following execution factors when executing any order: 1. 2.
Client location Instrument parameters
The trader may only execute orders electronically via the applicable MTF/SEF.
Item 6. Other OTC Derivatives 6.1
Background
All OTC derivative orders are executed via a counterparty bank. These include inflation, interest rate, credit, fixed income and equity derivatives. 6.2
Counterparty Broker Selection
Record maintains trading relationships with a range of counterparty banks. For each individual client, Record will seek to put in place a list of eligible counterparties, taking into account the OTC derivative instruments the client wants to execute. In many circumstances, a client will only have access to a limited amount of counterparties; this is primarily due to the relatively low volume of other OTC derivative orders executed and the reduced coverage of these derivatives by the counterparty banks. 6.3
Execution Factors and Execution Process
Record takes into account the following execution factors when executing an OTC derivative: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Counterparty Limits State of Market Price Speed
When executing an order Record will first take into account any client specific counterparty limits documented in the Investment Guidelines. Record traders will examine the order to be carried out bearing in mind the “state” of the market (volatility, acti vity, current news, etc.). This will also take into account the timing of key data releases.
Subject to any counterparty limits, and the trader’s assessment of the market, the most important execution factor is price. In order to ensure the quotes received are in line with the market, the Traders monitor market price feeds, where available, showing current market prices/quotes currently available in the market. Where appropriate we will ask for quotes from multiple counterparty banks. The winning and losing quotes are stored for analysis referenced in Section 8. Speed will only be taken into account when a counterparty is deemed to have taken an excessive amount of time to quote for an order, such that the market is likely to have moved significantly from the point at which it was observed originally. The trader will execute any orders by telephone, recorded communication channel or electronically via order execution facility.
Item 7. Client Specific Instructions Individual clients may give Record certain execution parameters which we need to follow. This may limit the full spectrum of execution options available to the traders and they will execute under the specific criteria set for each order. For example, if a client requires Historic Rate Rollovers (HRR) as an option for their account, then this would become a primary execution factor and would mean the bank panel available would be based on banks who offer this as an option. Execution Factors and Process Record takes into account the following execution factors when executing an order for any particular client: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Client bespoke requirements Counterparty Limits Market Conditions Price Speed
In some instances, clients may instruct Record to carry out transactions on their behalf. The traders will follow standard processes in carrying out any such transaction, bearing in mind any specific instructions from the individual client.
Item 8. Best Execution Monitoring and Reporting Best Execution monitoring is undertaken by the Traders, and is reported to Compliance, who review on an ongoing basis as part of the Compliance Monitoring Plan. Record utilizes a wide array of tools to monitor the Best Execution of all of the instruments traded. The monitoring is split into two main components:
Comparison of the achieved traded rate vs an independent “market” rate Comparison of the achieved traded rate vs the alternative quotes received at the time of the quote
All quotes, whether traded on or not, are stored and allow Record to assess the quality of the pricing from the counterparties. This analysis is fed back to the counterparties themselves. This encourages a more effective dialogue with the counterparties and illustrates where they need to improve in order to continue quoting for trades.
Item 9. Best Execution Policy Review The Best Execution Policy is reviewed and approved by the Board on an at least annual basis.
Item 13. Review of accounts
Operational risk monitoring is embedded within the firm but can be summarized as follows: (i)
All sales and marketing material must be approved by Record Inc.’s affiliate, Record Currency Management Limited.
(ii)
The Compliance department undertakes a risk based monitoring program.
Item 14. Client referrals and other compensation
Record Inc. is compensated via a management fee agreement with its affiliate, Record Currency Management Limited. Record Inc.’s staff receive salaries and participate in the group profit share scheme. Record has a commission structure in place for new segregated mandates where eligible staff may receive a proportion of management fees which is independent of the Group Profit Share & Share Incentive Schemes. Record has never received any soft commission In some cases Record may receive referral fees as an intermediary or facilitator to third-party services. The referral fee is charged as a fixed percentage of assets referred and subsequently transacted by the third-party firm. All clients referred to third-parties are provided with full disclosure and details of this arrangement.
Item 15. Custody
Neither Record Inc. nor its affiliate, Record Currency Management Limited holds client assets and therefore neither has custody of client assets for the purposes of custody rules.
Item 16. Investment discretion
Record typically receives discretionary authority to act as agent for the client to enter into financial contracts as part of the contracted service(s). Details of this authority are always specified in the Investment Management Agreement and Investment Guidelines agreed with every client.
Item 17. Voting client securities
Due to the nature of the services Record provides and the instruments used in providing these services there are no voting rights attached and therefore this is not applicable.
Item 18. Financial information
Not applicable
Form ADV Part 2A, via the SEC Investment Adviser Public Disclosure site.