ACRS on Nasdaq

Aclaris Therapeutics, Inc.

In its 2026 annual report the company says: “We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering and developing novel small and large molecule product candidates for immuno-inflammatory diseases. Our proprietary KINect drug discovery platform coupled with our integrated discovery approach to small and large molecules enables us to identify and advance product candidates designed to have superior target affinity, specificity and potency.”4 It is headquartered in Wayne, United States.2 Its shares trade on Nasdaq under the symbol ACRS.2

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Last updated Oct 21, 2026.

Overview

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  • TickerACRS on Nasdaq2
  • IndustryPharmaceutical Preparations2
  • HeadquartersWayne, United States2
  • Incorporated inDE3
  • Business address701 Lee Road, Suite 103, Wayne, Pa 190873
  • Filer categoryNon-accelerated filer, Smaller reporting company3
  • Legal formCorporation2
  • LEI5493000B2LQ9QTW1DF522
  • StatusActive2
  • LEI statusIssued and current2
  • Registered addressc/o THE CORPORATION TRUST COMPANY, CORPORATION TRUST CENTER 1209 ORANGE ST, 19801 Wilmington, United States2
  • Registered withDivision of Corporations, Department of State, 51836952

We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering and developing novel small and large molecule product candidates for immuno-inflammatory diseases. Our proprietary KINect drug discovery platform coupled with our integrated discovery approach to small and large molecules enables us to identify and advance product candidates designed to have superior target affinity, specificity and potency. We are seeking to identify and consummate transactions with third-party partners to further develop, obtain marketing approval for and/or commercialize our novel product candidates.4 From its latest annual report

Financials

From the company’s reports to the SEC. Every number links to the filing it came from.

Key numbers, fiscal 2025

-975.9%Operating margin5
-829.6%Net margin5
-58.2%Revenue growth, 20255
-63.0%Return on equity5
-$47.2MFree cash flow5

What sells

Revenue by product, business segment and region, as the company reports it to the SEC.

Products and services

License and Service brought in 76% of the revenue Aclaris Therapeutics, Inc. broke down this way in fiscal 2025.

  1. License and Service$6.0M576%down 63% from 2024
  2. Contract research$1.9M524%down 26% from 2024
Products and services by year
Products and services20242025
License and Service$16.2M$6.0M
Contract research$2.5M$1.9M

Where the money goes

Where each dollar of revenue went, fiscal 2025

  • Cost of revenue4¢$2.1M
  • Research and development96¢$52.6M

Out of $7.8M in revenue.5 The company lost money this year.

Financial statements

Revenue67895$7.8M in 2025+85% since 2019
0$10.0M$20.0M$30.0M$40.0M2019: $4.2M$4.2M20192020: $6.5M$6.5M2020+53%2021: $6.8M$6.8M2021+4%2022: $29.8M$29.8M2022+340%2023: $31.2M$31.2M2023+5%2024: $18.7M$18.7M2024−40%2025: $7.8M$7.8M2025−58%
Operating income67895-$76.4M in 2025−31% since 2019
-$150.0M-$100.0M-$50.0M02019: -$111.1M-$111.1M20192020: -$50.9M-$50.9M2020−54%2021: -$89.7M-$89.7M2021+76%2022: -$89.9M-$89.9M2022+0%2023: -$97.4M-$97.4M2023+8%2024: -$141.9M-$141.9M2024+46%2025: -$76.4M-$76.4M2025−46%
Net income67895-$64.9M in 2025−60% since 2019
-$200.0M-$150.0M-$100.0M-$50.0M02019: -$161.4M-$161.4M20192020: -$51.0M-$51.0M2020−68%2021: -$90.9M-$90.9M2021+78%2022: -$86.9M-$86.9M2022−4%2023: -$88.5M-$88.5M2023+2%2024: -$132.1M-$132.1M2024+49%2025: -$64.9M-$64.9M2025−51%

Every line of the income statement as filed: the last 2 fiscal years, latest first.5

Period ending2025-12-312024-12-31
Total revenue$7.8M$18.7M
Cost of revenue$2.1M$2.8M
Research and development$52.6M$33.6M
General and administrative$22.0M$22.2M
Licensing$5.2M$12.7M
Revaluation of contingent consideration$2.3M$2.5M
In-process research and development$86.9M
Total costs and expenses$84.2M$160.7M
Loss from operations-$76.4M-$141.9M
Interest income$7.6M$8.0M
Non-cash royalty income$3.8M$1.9M
Total other income$11.5M$9.9M
Net loss-$64.9M-$132.1M
Net loss per share, basic-$0.53-$1.71
Net loss per share, diluted-$0.53-$1.71
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic122.6M shares77.3M shares
Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted122.6M shares77.3M shares
Unrealized gain on marketable securities, net of tax of $0$513.0K$203.0K
Total other comprehensive income$513.0K$203.0K
Comprehensive loss-$64.4M-$131.9M
Unrealized gain on marketable securities, tax$0$0

Compare Aclaris Therapeutics, Inc. with another company

Corporate structure

Aclaris Therapeutics, Inc. sits at the top of its group. 1 entity, 1 country on record. Switch between the flow chart and the network, and select any entity to see its details.

Major holders of Aclaris Therapeutics, Inc.

  • Aclaris Therapeutics, Inc. Wayne, Pennsylvania, United States

Built from parent and subsidiary links from GLEIF, the Global Legal Entity Identifier Foundation (CC0); major holders from Schedules 13D and 13G. Each entity in the chart links to its source.

What it owns

What Aclaris Therapeutics, Inc. reports owning in its annual reports to the SEC: buildings, land and equipment, real estate and locations, investments, intangible assets and inventory, at the end of its latest fiscal year and a year before.

Property and equipment

ItemLatestA year beforeChange
Property and equipment, before depreciation$5.8M9 Dec 31, 2024$5.8M9 Dec 31, 2023+0.5%
Accumulated depreciation$4.8M9 Dec 31, 2024$4.2M9 Dec 31, 2023+15.4%
Property and equipment, net$761.0K5 Dec 31, 2025$1.0M5 Dec 31, 2024−24.5%

Investments

ItemLatestA year beforeChange
Cash and cash equivalents$20.0M5 Dec 31, 2025$24.6M5 Dec 31, 2024−18.8%
Marketable securities, current$70.8M5 Dec 31, 2025$89.0M5 Dec 31, 2024−20.5%
Marketable securities, non-current$60.6M5 Dec 31, 2025$90.3M5 Dec 31, 2024−32.9%
Debt securities available for sale$131.4M5 Dec 31, 2025$179.3M5 Dec 31, 2024−26.7%

Properties, in its own words

We lease 11,564 square feet of office space for our headquarters in Wayne, Pennsylvania, under a lease agreement which has a term through February 2029.

We also sublease 20,433 square feet of office and laboratory space in St. Louis, Missouri, under a sublease agreement which has an initial term through May 2029. We have the option to extend the initial term for two additional five-year periods.

The rest of Item 2

We believe that our facilities are suitable and adequate to meet our current needs.

Item 2 of the 10-K filed Feb 26, 2026.4

Leadership

Who has led Aclaris Therapeutics, Inc., and when. Pick a name to see everywhere that person has worked.

Board members and other officers (22)

Named in SEC Form D filings

People the company listed in its private-offering notices.

  • DirectorChristopher Molineaux named Dec 4, 202438

Timeline

  1. Aug 6, 20268-K Results of operations39
  2. Aug 6, 20268-K Entered a material agreement40
  3. Jun 4, 20268-K Shareholder vote41
  4. May 7, 20268-K Results of operations42
  5. Apr 28, 20268-K Regulation FD disclosure; Other events43
  6. Mar 11, 20268-K Regulation FD disclosure44
  7. Mar 10, 20268-K Regulation FD disclosure45
  8. Feb 26, 20268-K Results of operations46
  9. Jan 12, 20268-K Regulation FD disclosure47
  10. Jan 6, 20268-K Regulation FD disclosure; Other events48
  11. Nov 6, 20258-K Results of operations49
  12. Oct 14, 20258-K Regulation FD disclosure50
  13. Feb 3, 2023New chief executive Douglas J. Manion becomes CEO13
  14. Oct 6, 2015New chief executive Neal Walker becomes CEO14
  15. Jul 13, 2012Founded Aclaris Therapeutics, Inc. is founded2

Calendar

Coming up

  1. Nov 5, 2026Reports results for the quarter ending Sep/2026 A year earlier it reported ($0.12) a share, on Nov 6, 2025.51

When it reported results

  1. Aug 6, 2026Reported quarterly or annual results39
  2. May 7, 2026Reported quarterly or annual results42
  3. Feb 26, 2026Reported quarterly or annual results46
  4. Nov 6, 2025Reported quarterly or annual results49
  5. Aug 7, 2025Reported quarterly or annual results52
  6. May 8, 2025Reported quarterly or annual results53
  7. Feb 27, 2025Reported quarterly or annual results54
  8. Nov 6, 2024Reported quarterly or annual results55

Drug trials and FDA: recently

  1. Sep 21, 2026Phase 2 trial completed Phase 2 trial of ATI-045 in Atopic Dermatitis: primary completion Sep 21, 2026, no results posted yet (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT07011706).56
  2. Sep 5, 2023Phase 2 trial completed Phase 2 trial of ATI-450 50 mg oral tablet BID, Methotrexate and others in Rheumatoid Arthritis: primary completion Sep 5, 2023, results posted Sep 28, 2026 (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05279417).57
  3. Dec 23, 2022Phase 2 trial completed Phase 2 trial of ATI-450 in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: primary completion Dec 23, 2022, results posted Jan 7, 2026 (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05216224).58

Upcoming dates from Nasdaq's calendar; past results from the company's 8-K filings (Item 2.02). Trials from ClinicalTrials.gov, as the sponsor registered them (expected dates are the sponsor's own and often move); approvals and advisory committee meetings from the FDA. The FDA does not publish its decision (PDUFA) dates. The full markets calendar

Filings

349 filings to the SEC since October 2021: 5 annual reports, 15 quarterly reports, 59 major events, 175 insider forms, 59 large holders, 1 private raises, 35 other. The latest 20:

  1. Sep 21, 2026SCHEDULE 13G EDGAR
  2. Aug 14, 2026SCHEDULE 13G/A EDGAR
  3. Aug 6, 20268-K EDGAR
  4. Aug 6, 2026S-3ASR EDGAR
  5. Aug 6, 202610-Q EDGAR
  6. Aug 6, 20268-K EDGAR
  7. Aug 4, 20264 EDGAR
  8. Jun 8, 20264 EDGAR
  9. Jun 8, 20264 EDGAR
  10. Jun 8, 20264 EDGAR
  11. Jun 8, 20264 EDGAR
  12. Jun 8, 20264 EDGAR
  13. Jun 8, 20264 EDGAR
  14. Jun 4, 20268-K EDGAR
  15. May 12, 2026SCHEDULE 13G/A EDGAR
  16. May 7, 202610-Q EDGAR
  17. May 7, 20268-K EDGAR
  18. May 5, 20264 EDGAR
  19. Apr 28, 20268-K EDGAR
  20. Apr 27, 20264 EDGAR

The 349 filings since October 2021 can be filtered by form type and year here when JavaScript is on.

Every filing from the last five years, summarized. The full record is on SEC EDGAR.

Insider trades

66 open-market trades by officers, directors and large owners since October 2021: 26 buys and 40 sales. Grants, option exercises and gifts are left out.

DateWhoTradeSharesPriceValueFiling
Apr 23, 2026Leonard Braden Michael10% ownerSale300,000$4.53$1.4MForm 4
Nov 19, 2024Mehra AnandDirectorBuy666,666$2.25$1.5MForm 4
Aug 5, 2024Leonard Braden Michael10% ownerBuy206,025$1.24$255.5KForm 4
Aug 2, 2024Leonard Braden Michael10% ownerBuy167,544$1.29$216.1KForm 4
Jul 31, 2024Leonard Braden Michael10% ownerBuy100,000$1.33$133.0KForm 4
Jul 30, 2024Leonard Braden Michael10% ownerBuy173,730$1.30$225.8KForm 4
Jul 22, 2024Leonard Braden Michael10% ownerBuy17,716$1.33$23.6KForm 4
Jul 19, 2024Leonard Braden Michael10% ownerBuy6,689$1.30$8.7KForm 4
Jul 18, 2024Leonard Braden Michael10% ownerBuy130,317$1.30$169.4KForm 4
Jul 5, 2024Leonard Braden Michael10% ownerBuy123,017$1.15$141.5KForm 4
Jul 3, 2024Leonard Braden Michael10% ownerBuy143,288$1.16$166.2KForm 4
Jul 2, 2024Leonard Braden Michael10% ownerBuy86,092$1.14$98.1KForm 4
Jul 1, 2024Leonard Braden Michael10% ownerBuy107,434$1.14$122.5KForm 4
Jun 28, 2024Leonard Braden Michael10% ownerBuy1,201,000$1.12$1.3MForm 4
Jun 27, 2024Leonard Braden Michael10% ownerBuy235,000$1.15$270.2KForm 4
Jun 18, 2024Leonard Braden Michael10% ownerBuy50,000$1.13$56.5KForm 4
Jun 17, 2024Leonard Braden Michael10% ownerBuy150,000$1.13$169.5KForm 4
Jun 14, 2024Leonard Braden Michael10% ownerBuy345,000$1.17$403.6KForm 4
Jun 13, 2024Leonard Braden Michael10% ownerBuy528,621$1.15$607.6KForm 4
Jun 12, 2024Leonard Braden Michael10% ownerBuy82,579$1.14$94.1KForm 4

All 66 trades can be filtered by person here when JavaScript is on.

From Forms 4 filed with the SEC.

Major holders

Investors who own more than 5% of the shares must tell the SEC: a 13D if they may seek to influence the company, a 13G if they hold passively.

Executive pay

What the company paid its top executives, from the summary compensation table in its proxy statement. Total pay includes salary, bonus, stock and option awards and other pay, as the company valued them.

YearExecutiveAgeSalaryTotal pay
2025Neal Walker$615.0K$3.4M80
2025Kevin Balthaser$446.0K$1.5M80
2025James Loerop$416.0K$1.4M80
2024Chief Executive Officer$477.4K$1.4M80
2024Chief Financial Officer$444.0K$1.1M80

Funding

Where the company's money came from, by calendar year: private offerings filed with the SEC, federal grants, loans, contracts and other assistance from USAspending.gov, and PPP loans from the SBA. Each bar links to the records below.

Money received by year$80.0M 2024–2024
Money received by yearMoney received by year, 2024–2024: $80.0M in all. Private raises (Form D) $80.0M.$0$20M$40M$60M$80M2024 · Private raises (Form D): $80.0M2024
Figures by year
YearPrivate raises (Form D)Total
2024$80.0M$80.0M

Private raises

Private offerings the company reported to the SEC on Form D. The amount is what the latest filing says was sold so far, charted in the year of the first sale. Covers filings since Oct 1, 2021.

  1. Nov 19, 2024Raised $80 million in a private offering of equity38 Form D: 19 investors so far Form D

Held by these funds

The largest holders among investment managers' 13F reports for the quarter ending Jun 30, 2026, the top 25 of 100. Change is in shares since the quarter before.

FundSharesValueShare of the fundChange
Ra Capital Management, L.P.12,723,026$67.3M0.6%+5,918,954
BML Capital Management, LLC11,975,000$63.3M36.2%−2,275,000
BlackRock, Inc.10,037,008$53.1M0.0%+2,629,943
Deep Track Capital, LP9,345,000$49.4M0.7%No change
Vivo Capital, LLC6,694,637$35.4M3.2%+27,971
Vanguard Capital Management LLC5,817,866$30.8M0.0%+650,397
Frazier Life Sciences Management, L.P.4,925,374$26.1M0.6%No change
Rock Springs Capital Management LP4,330,532$22.9M1.1%−142,118
Adage Capital Partners Gp, L.l.c.4,071,000$21.5M0.0%+200,000
Decheng Capital LLC4,041,736$21.4M2.9%No change
Kalehua Capital Management LLC3,664,730$19.4M6.2%+494,809
State Street Corp3,255,340$17.2M0.0%+1,246,594
Geode Capital Management, LLC3,190,058$16.9M0.0%+766,367
Braidwell LP2,142,348$11.3M0.4%+443,232
Balyasny Asset Management L.P.2,023,470$10.7M0.0%−1,337,858
Silverarc Capital Management, LLC1,946,482$10.3M1.1%New
Citadel Advisors LLC1,762,081$9.3M0.0%−487,238
Jones Hill Capital LP1,759,492$9.3M2.0%New
Palo Alto Investors LP1,613,430$8.5M1.2%No change
Woodline Partners LP1,611,054$8.5M0.0%+125,431
Vanguard Portfolio Management LLC1,465,735$7.8M0.0%−190,331
Panagora Asset Management Inc1,356,152$7.2M0.0%+853,862
Connor, Clark & Lunn Investment Management Ltd.1,209,886$6.4M0.0%−208,474
Mpm Bioimpact LLC1,042,467$5.5M0.3%+650,549
Deutsche Bank Ag\1,040,955$5.5M0.0%+43,105

13F reports cover disclosed long positions in U.S. stocks only.

SEC filer profile

How Aclaris Therapeutics, Inc. is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, from its EDGAR record and the cover page of its latest annual report.

  • Name on EDGARAclaris Therapeutics, Inc.1
  • CIK0001557746
  • Employer ID (EIN)46-05717124
  • Filer statusNon-accelerated filer not an emerging growth company; a smaller reporting company; not a shell company4
  • Incorporated inDelaware4
  • Fiscal year endsDecember 311
  • Industry code (SIC)2834 Pharmaceutical Preparations1
  • SEC reviewing officeOffice of Life Sciences, Division of Corporation Finance1
  • Business address701 Lee Road, Suite 103, Wayne, PA 190871
  • Phone484-324-79331
  • Shares outstanding147,198,893 as of Jul 31, 202611
  • Public float$149.2M as of Jun 30, 20254
  • AuditorPricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PCAOB ID 238; no auditor attestation of internal control over financial reporting4
  • On EDGAR sinceSep 10, 20121
  • Filings867 in all: 4 (377), 8-K (151), SC 13G/A (65), 3 (35), 10-Q (33), SC 13G (33), 424B5 (14), S-8 (13)1
    All 41 form types

    SCHEDULE 13G/A (13), 10-K (11), DEF 14A (11), SC 13D/A (10), 424B3 (9), CORRESP (9), DEFA14A (8), CT ORDER (7), D (7), EFFECT (7), SCHEDULE 13G (7), UPLOAD (7), ARS (4), S-3 (4), 144 (3), S-1/A (3), SC 13D (3), 4/A (2), 424B4 (2), 8-K/A (2), PRE 14A (2), S-1 (2), S-3ASR (2), S-3MEF (2), 10-K/A (1), 10-Q/A (1), 8-A12B (1), CERTNAS (1), D/A (1), DRS (1), DRS/A (1), DRSLTR (1), POS AM (1)

  • Latest filingsAnnual report (10-K) Feb 26, 2026
    Quarterly report (10-Q) Aug 6, 2026
    Proxy statement (DEF 14A) Apr 23, 2026
    Latest 8-K (8-K) Aug 6, 2026

Securities registered for trading

ClassSymbolExchange
Common Stock, $0.00001 par valueACRSNasdaq

From the cover page of the 10-K filed Feb 26, 2026 (Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act).4

Risk factors and legal proceedings

The risks Aclaris Therapeutics, Inc. names in Item 1A of its 10-K filed Feb 26, 2026: 72 risks under these headings, as written.4

  • Risks Related to Our Business, Our Financial Position and Capital Needs
  • We have incurred significant losses since our inception. We expect to incur losses over the next several years and may never achieve or maintain profitability.
  • We will need substantial additional funding to meet our financial obligations and to pursue our business objectives. If we are unable to raise capital when needed, we could be forced to curtail our planned operations.
  • Raising additional capital may cause dilution to our stockholders, restrict our operations or require us to relinquish rights to our technologies, intellectual property, potential future revenue streams or product candidates.
  • We have a limited history as a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing and partnering our product candidates, which may make it difficult to evaluate the success of our business to date and to assess our future viability.
  • Certain estimates of market opportunity and forecasts may prove to be smaller than we believe.
  • Risks Related to the Development and Potential Commercialization of Our Product Candidates
  • Biologics carry unique risks and uncertainties, which could have a negative impact on future results of operations.
  • We may not be successful in our efforts to identify and develop additional product candidates, including through leveraging our KINect drug discovery platform.
  • The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence and computational drug discovery technologies could make our KINect platform and discovery approaches less competitive or obsolete, and our failure to successfully adopt and integrate artificial intelligence technologies could put us at a competitive disadvantage.
  • If we are unable to successfully develop our product candidates and identify and consummate transactions with third-party partners to further develop, obtain marketing approval for and/or commercialize our product candidates, or experience significant delays in doing so, our business will be harmed.
  • Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process, with an uncertain outcome. We may incur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development of our product candidates or the identification and consummation of transactions with third-party partners to further develop, obtain marketing approval for and/or commercialize our product candidates.
The other 62 risks
  • If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of subjects in clinical trials, our ability to identify and consummate transactions with third-party partners to further develop, obtain marketing approval for and/or commercialize our product candidates could be delayed or prevented.
  • Our clinical trials may fail to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidates, or serious adverse or unacceptable side effects or other unfavorable safety findings may be identified during the nonclinical or clinical development of our product candidates, which could increase our costs or necessitate the abandonment or limitation of the development of our product candidates or prevent or delay our ability identify and consummate transactions with third-party partners to further develop, obtain marketing approval for and/or commercialize our product candidates.
  • Interim, topline and preliminary data from our clinical trials that we announce or publish from time to time may change as more subject data become available and are subject to audit and verification procedures that could result in material changes in the final data.
  • Changes in methods of product candidate manufacturing or formulation may result in additional costs or delay.
  • We have conducted and may in the future conduct clinical or nonclinical studies for our product candidates outside the United States. The FDA, EMA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may not accept data from such studies.
  • We may not be successful in our efforts to increase our pipeline of product candidates, including by in-licensing or acquiring additional product candidates.
  • We may expend our limited resources to pursue a particular product candidate or indication and fail to capitalize on product candidates or indications that may be more profitable or for which there is a greater likelihood of success.
  • For any of our product candidates that receive marketing approval, our potential third-party partners may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, third-party payors and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success.
  • We face substantial competition, which may result in others discovering, developing or commercializing drugs before or more successfully than we do.
  • The success of our product candidates, if approved, will depend significantly on coverage and adequate reimbursement or the willingness of patients to pay for these products.
  • Product liability lawsuits against us could cause us to incur substantial liabilities and to limit commercialization of any of our product candidates that we may develop and are commercialized by our potential third-party partners or impact any commercial products that we have previously sold or are being sold by third-party partners.
  • Risks Related to Our Dependence on Third Parties
  • We rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our product candidates, and those third parties may not perform satisfactorily, including failing to meet deadlines for the completion of such trials.
  • We contract with third parties for the manufacture and supply of our product candidates for preclinical and clinical testing. This reliance on third parties increases the risk that we will not have sufficient quantities of our product candidates or such quantities at an acceptable cost, which could delay, prevent or impair our development efforts.
  • We intend to identify and consummate transactions with third-party partners to further develop, obtain marketing approval for and/or commercialize our product candidates. If those arrangements are not successful, we may not be able to capitalize on the market potential of these product candidates.
  • If we are not able to establish partnerships, we may have to alter our development and commercialization plans.
  • We may not have access to all information regarding our product candidates that are subject to partnership agreements. Consequently, our ability to inform our stockholders about the status of our product candidates that are subject to these agreements, and our ability to make business and operational decisions, may be limited.
  • We are dependent on third parties accurately generating and reporting data related to our product candidates, and their conduct could adversely affect our business.
  • Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property
  • If we are unable to obtain and maintain patent protection for our product candidates, or if the scope of the patent protection obtained is not sufficiently broad, our competitors could develop and commercialize technology and drugs similar or identical to ours, and ability to successfully identify a potential third-party partner to commercialize our technology and product candidates may be impaired.
  • We may become involved in lawsuits to protect or enforce our patents or other intellectual property, which could be expensive, time-consuming and unsuccessful. Further, our issued patents could be found invalid or unenforceable if challenged in court.
  • We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights throughout the world.
  • We may need to license intellectual property from third parties, and such licenses may not be available or may not be available on commercially reasonable terms.
  • Third parties may initiate legal proceedings alleging that we are infringing their intellectual property rights, the outcome of which would be uncertain and could have a material adverse effect on the success of our business.
  • We may be subject to claims by third parties asserting that we, our employees or our licensors have misappropriated their intellectual property, or claiming ownership of what we regard as our own intellectual property.
  • Intellectual property litigation could cause us to spend substantial resources and distract our personnel from their normal responsibilities.
  • If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our trade secrets, our business and competitive position would be harmed.
  • The validity, scope and enforceability of any of our patents that cover any of our product candidates can be challenged by competitors.
  • If we do not obtain protection under the Hatch-Waxman Act by extending the patent term and obtaining data exclusivity for our product candidates, our business may be materially harmed.
  • Any trademarks we have obtained or may obtain may be infringed or successfully challenged, resulting in harm to our business.
  • Outside of the United States we cannot be certain that any country’s patent or trademark office will not implement new rules that could seriously affect how we draft, file, prosecute and maintain patents, trademarks and patent and trademark applications.
  • Intellectual property rights do not necessarily address all potential threats to our competitive advantage.
  • Risks Related to Regulatory Approval of Our Product Candidates and Other Legal Compliance Matters
  • If our potential third-party partners are not able to obtain, or if there are delays in obtaining, required regulatory approvals, our product candidates will not be able to be commercialized, and our ability to earn revenue from arrangements with such third-party partners will be materially impaired.
  • Failure to obtain marketing approval in international jurisdictions would prevent our product candidates from being marketed abroad.
  • A variety of risks associated with marketing our product candidates by our potential third-party partners internationally could harm our business.
  • Any product candidate for which our potential third-party partners obtain marketing approval could be subject to post-marketing restrictions or recall or withdrawal from the market, and our potential third-party partners may be subject to penalties if they fail to comply with regulatory requirements or if they experience unanticipated problems with our product candidates, when and if any of them are approved.
  • Our and our potential third-party partners’ operations may subject us and such partners, directly or indirectly, to broadly applicable anti-kickback, fraud and abuse, false claims, physician payment transparency, health information privacy and security and other health care laws and regulations, and any failure to comply with such laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our profitability.
  • Recently enacted and future legislation may increase the difficulty and cost for our potential third-party partners to obtain marketing approval of our product candidates and commercialize our product candidates, if approved, and affect the prices our potential third-party partners may obtain.
  • Our biological product candidates may face competition sooner than anticipated.
  • Governments outside the United States tend to impose strict price controls, which may adversely affect our revenue.
  • If we fail to comply with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, we could become subject to fines or penalties or incur costs that could harm our business.
  • We are subject to governmental economic sanctions laws and export and import controls that could impair our potential third-party partners’ ability to compete in international markets or subject us or our potential third-party partners to liability if we or they are not in compliance with applicable laws.
  • We and our potential third-party partners are subject to anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws with respect to our and their operations and non-compliance with such laws can subject us to criminal and/or civil liability and harm our business.
  • Risks Related to Employee Matters and Managing Our Growth
  • Our future success depends on our ability to retain key executives and to attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel.
  • Our employees, independent contractors, consultants, third-party partners, principal investigators, CROs and vendors may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including non-compliance with regulatory standards and requirements.
  • Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock
  • The trading price of the shares of our common stock has been and is likely to continue to be volatile.
  • If we fail to maintain compliance with the listing requirements of the Nasdaq Global Select Market, we may be delisted and the price of our common stock and our ability to access the capital markets could be negatively impacted.
  • Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock into the market could cause the market price of our common stock to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.
  • Provisions in our corporate charter documents and under Delaware law may prevent or frustrate attempts by our stockholders to change our management and hinder efforts to acquire a controlling interest in us, and the market price of our common stock may be lower as a result.
  • If we fail to maintain proper and effective internal controls, our ability to produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis could be impaired.
  • We might not be able to utilize a significant portion of our net operating loss carryforwards and research and development tax credit carryforwards.
  • We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future and our stock may not appreciate in value.
  • Exclusive forum provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees.
  • Our holders of 5% or more of our capital stock collectively own a significant percentage of our outstanding common stock and have the ability to exert significant control over matters subject to stockholder approval.
  • We are a “smaller reporting company” and, as a result of the reduced disclosure and governance requirements applicable to smaller reporting companies, our common stock may be less attractive to investors.
  • General Risk Factors
  • If our information technology systems or data, or those of the third parties with whom we work, are or were compromised, we could experience adverse consequences resulting from such compromise, including but not limited to regulatory investigations or actions; litigation; fines and penalties; disruptions of our business operations; reputational harm; loss of revenue or profits; and other adverse consequences.
  • An active trading market for our common stock may not be sustained.
  • If equity research analysts do not publish research or reports, or publish unfavorable research or reports, about us, our business or our market, our stock price and trading volume could decline.
  • Unfavorable macroeconomic conditions, including tariff policies and inflationary pressure, as well as constrained capital markets, could limit our ability to grow our business, raise capital and negatively affect our operating results.
  • The issuance of additional stock in connection with financings, acquisitions, investments, our equity incentive plan or otherwise will dilute all other stockholders.
  • Changes in tax laws or regulations that are applied adversely to us may have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flow, financial condition or results of operations.
  • We incur significant costs and demands upon management as a result of being a public company.
  • Artificial intelligence presents risks and challenges that can impact our business including by posing security risks to our confidential information, proprietary information, and personal data, and may subject us to evolving regulatory requirements.

Legal proceedings

From time to time we are subject to litigation and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. We are not currently a party to any material legal proceedings and we are not aware of any other pending or threatened legal proceedings against us that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows or financial condition.

The opening of Item 3, Legal Proceedings.4

Sources

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