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The story
Founded by William Crapo Durant in 1921, in Lansing.1
Initial founding and Durant brand
William Durant founded Durant Motors on January 12, 1921, which came four months after his resignation from General Motors. After his leave from General Motors, he was able to quickly raise over $5 Million from New York banking friends and colleagues to provide enough capital and planning to start the corporation.
A prototype vehicle was announced in March 1921, designed around a 4-cylinder engine. Durant had brought in Alfred Sturt and Fred Hohnesee to design and develop this prototype. Both men originally worked with Durant in the early days of Chevrolet. The prototype car was displayed in New York City on August 4, 1921, and within days over 30,000 cars were pre-ordered, generating $31 million.
Known as the Model A-22, it scheduled to be produced in the former Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company factory in Long Island City, New York. Shortly after, Durant also purchased the Sheridan plant in Muncie, Indiana from General Motors and did not continue to produce cars under the Sheridan badge. The plant was used to start to manufacture 6-cylinder engine cars.
Star Motor Company
While at General Motors, Durant helped pioneer the idea of multiple brands within an automotive organization, that served different price points. The idea for the Durant badged automobile gave a middle tier price point offering to the market, but to compete at a lower price point, Durant established the Star Motor Company in February, 1922. This new company had stock placed on sale by the Durant Corporation and became a division. After the initial announcement and listing, $30 million in shares were sold for the Star alone.
With a starting price of $348, the initial vehicle advertised a 4-cylinder motor and 3-speed transmission. It was directly aimed at competing with the Ford Model T. This new vehicle garnered much acclaim due to modern features such as demountable rims and an electric starter.
In June, 1922 at a receivership auction, Durant had purchased the former Willys-Overland plant in Elizabeth, New Jersey. During the transaction, Durant outbid Walter Chrysler as well as General Motors for the plant. This was to be the new production plant for the Star.
Flint Motor Car Company
Within the purchase of the former Willys-Overland plant in Elizabeth, New Jersey, was a large developmental 6-cylinder prototype vehicle. In July 1922, Durant announced the formation of the Flint Motor Car Company, and used the 6-cylinder vehicle as the prototype, called the "Flint Six". Production of the vehicle started in a factory, located on a 100-acre property south of downtown Flint, Michigan (a longtime favorite city of Durant's). This vehicle was marketed as a competitor to Buick. Production of the Flint Six Model E-55 began June 1923.
Locomobile Company of America
In July 1922, Durant acquired the established luxury-car brand Locomobile. The company was struggling financially and underwent liquidation sale to Durant, who restructured the offerings to reduce the vehicle costs and increase production volume. This acquisition put Durant Motors under a similar organization to General Motors, with Locomobile being at the high price point in order to compete with Cadillac.
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Additional brands and initial success
In the winter of 1922, Durant co-founded a truck-making subsidiary, Mason Truck Company, with Arthur C. Mason. Mason had originally established Mason Motors in 1911 and Durant was familiar with him and his company from his former time at Buick and Chevrolet (both of which used these motor designs). When deciding to venture into commercial truck market, Durant made a partnership with Mason and established a factory in Flint, Michigan, giving control of operations to Arthur. The Mason Truck "Road King" nameplate was established in 1923 and offered 1-ton and 1.5 ton trucks.
In November 1922, Durant also acquired the Hayes Hunt Body Company (located in the Elizabeth, New Jersey factory), the American Plate Glass Company, the New Process Gear Company and the Electric Auto-Lite Company. These companies became critical pieces of the organization and gave Durant specific production capabilities. In 1923 Durant Motors produced its 100,000th "Star" auto at Elizabeth.
By summer of 1923, less than two years from initial founding, the company had 50,000 employees across 10 factories, with 4,000 dealers across the United States. Reports in 1926 indicated that sales of the Star increased by 69 percent from the previous year.
The Princeton, a brand aimed to be an equivalent to a Packard was planned and announced, but never realized beyond two display prototypes created in 1924.
The Eagle was announced in January 1924 at the New York Auto Show. Durant Motors showcased a new prototype vehicle for this new brand. Apart from this showing, the final vehicle never got designed and produced.
Late 1920s to ending operations
Initially, Durant Motors enjoyed success based upon Billy Durant's track record at General Motors, where he assembled independent makes Chevrolet, Oakland, Oldsmobile, Buick, and Cadillac. However, when sales failed to meet volumes sufficient to sustain Durant Motors holdings, the firm's financial footing began to slip. As a result, Durant Motors began losing market share and dealers.
In 1927, the Durant line was shut down to retool for a brand-new, modernized car for 1928, re-emerging in 1928 with Durant, Locomobile, and Rugby lines in place, and dropping the Mason Truck and Flint automobile lines and the top-selling Star car in April 1928.
In 1929, Locomobile went out of production.
Durant Motors had a relationship with the Dort, Frontenac, and DeVaux automobile name badges. The Rugby line was the export name for Durant's Star car line. However, from 1928 to 1931, Durant marketed trucks in the US and Canadian markets under the badge Rugby Trucks.
The final Durant-branded models rolled off the US assembly line in August 1931 at Lansing, but continued in Canada into 1932 under Dominion Motors, which also built the Frontenac.
Billy Durant died nearly broke at age 85 in 1947 (the same year as Henry Ford, aged 83).
From Wikipedia’s article on Durant Motors, shared under CC BY-SA 4.0.3