The story
Founded by Paul Schwarzkopf on Jun 24, 1921.1
From foundation to expropriation
Plansee SE was founded on 24 June 1921 as Metallwerk Plansee Ges.m.b.H. by the Jewish chemist Paul Schwarzkopf, who came from Prague, and his business partner Richard Kurtz in Reutte. The company initially had 15 employees. Schwarzkopf had already developed a process for manufacturing tungsten wires in 1911 at the Italian illuminant manufacturer Lampada Zeta, and immediately before World War I founded a company for tungsten wire production in Berlin, which had around 400 employees in 1914. Plansee also initially produced tungsten wires. The location in Reutte had proved particularly favourable for this because of the low cost of electrical energy. Tungsten wires were followed in 1923 by wires made of molybdenum and, from the late 1920s, by the production of the hard metal titanite. In 1928, the shares of Plansee Ges.m.b.H. were transferred to the Dutch holding company Naamlooze Vennootschap Molybdenum Company - Maatschappij tot verkoop en vervaardiging van Molybdeenproducten (N.V.M.C.), which thus became the sole shareholder. Schwarzkopf initially held 98%, later 100% of the shares in N.V.M.C. In 1930 Plansee hired Richard Kieffer, a chemist, who became head of the carbide department between 1932 and 1934 and contributed to the development of powder metallurgy. Due to the fact that Metallwerke Plansee Ges.m.b.H. created around 400 jobs in Reutte, it enjoyed a high reputation among the population and its Jewish employees were spared anti-Semitic attacks until the beginning of 1938, despite the rise of National Socialism.
Third Reich period until restitution
Shortly after the Annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany, Schwarzkopf tried to sell the company to Julius Pintsch AG on 15 March 1938 with the help of Richard Hamburger. The sale was prevented by the National Socialists, who expropriated Schwarzkopf's assets through so-called "Aryanisation". Heinz Gehm, a member of the board of Deutsche Edelstahlwerke AG, had himself entered in the commercial register as a managing director on 29 April 1938, whereupon on 21 May 1938 the sale to Deutsche Edelstahlwerke AG for a purchase price of 120,000 Schilling was forced. The expropriation process was finally completed in June 1939. During the period of Nazi rule Plansee was managed by Richard Kieffer. After the end of the Second World War, French troops occupied the Plansee factory with the intention of dismantling it as reparations. Richard Kieffer managed to avert the dismantling, but Plansee technology nevertheless ended up with the French company Ugicarb. Paul Schwarzkopf, who had escaped the Holocaust by fleeing to the United States, returned to Reutte in 1947. He only received the Metallwerke Plansee Ges.m.b.H. back in 1952 after a seven-years lasting legal dispute with Deutsche Edelstahlwerke AG and the Republic of Austria as part of the Restitution in Austria.
After the restitution
In 1952, Paul Schwarzkopf established the Plansee Seminar, a quadrennial conference on materials science and engineering. It was continued into the 1980s by materials engineer F. Benezowski and most recently held for the 20th time in Reutte between late May and early June 2022. The associated proceedings, Plansee Proceedings, were published by Springer-Verlag between 1969 and 1981.
In 1958, the then 27-year-old Walter Schwarzkopf, son of the company's founder, joined the company's management. Richard Kieffer was appointed honorary professor of the University of Vienna in 1960 and retired from Metallwerke Plansee Ges.m.b.H. in the same year; In 1964 he became a full university professor at the then TH Wien.
Company founder Paul Schwarzkopf died on 27 December 1970 in Innsbruck.
Expansion from the 1970s
After Walter Schwarzkopf's death in 1978, his widow Hilde Schwarzkopf took over the management of the company. Under her leadership, Plansee Ges.m.b.H. began to establish several foreign sales companies. They were established in Japan (1978), Germany (1979), the United Kingdom (1980), France (1981), Switzerland (1987), the Netherlands (1992), India (1995), Taiwan (2001), Sweden (2002), Brazil (2002), Hong Kong, China and South Korea (2004), and Italy and Mexico (2007).
In 1987 Plansee took over Elektro-Metall AG (now PLANSEE Powertech AG) in Seon in Switzerland. In the following year Plansee Ges.m.b.H. employed 3000 people. From 1996 to 2017, Michael Schwarzkopf, son of Walter Schwarzkopf, headed the company. He then moved to the supervisory board.
21st century
2003 saw the acquisition of POLESE Company, Inc. in San Diego, US (later renamed Plansee Thermal Management Solutions and sold in 2012). Revenues that year were EUR 528 million. In 2006, Plansee was converted into an SE.
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In 2007, E/G Electrograph Inc. based in San Diego, US, was acquired. The most recent acquisitions were in 2010 with Wolfra-Tech Pvt. Ltd. in Mysore, India and in 2011 with TCB Korea Co., Ltd. in South Korea. Between 2014 and 2016, Plansee SE built another South Korean plant in Gyeonggi-do.
In 2017, Plansee began to modernise its Reutte site. To this end, a new production line for medical products and a new sintering plant will open in 2019. In March 2020, Plansee inaugurated a new 5000 m2 production facility in Esashi, Japan.
The company celebrated its 100th anniversary on 21 June 2021. The company founder Paul Schwarzkopf had first come to Reutte on 21 June 1921.
From Wikipedia’s article on Plansee SE, shared under CC BY-SA 4.0.5