UCB

UCB was founded on 18 January 1928 by Emmanuel Janssen, a Belgian businessman. Initially focused on industrial chemicals (it was one of the first companies to distill ammonia from coal), the company also included a small pharmaceutical division based around Meurice Laboratories.

In the early 1950s, UCB set up a research centre where new medicines such as Atarax (hydroxyzine) were developed. Successful sales enabled the pharmaceutical division to expand, and led to the discovery of another important compound, called piracetam. This was marketed in the 1970s as Nootropil and used to treat memory and balance problems. It remains one of UCB's key products. At this time, UCB was a company focusing on three core areas: pharmaceuticals, chemicals and films.

The success of Nootropil made it possible for UCB to build a modern pharmaceutical site in Braine-l'Alleud, south of Brussels. There, UCB developed Zyrtec (cetirizine), a blockbuster antihistamine. Other important products have followed, including Keppra (levetiracetam), Xyzal (levocetirizine), and Cimzia (certolizumab pegol), which arrived through the acquisition of Celltech.

At the end of 2002, the chemicals and films divisions were merged and UCB added the resins, additives and adhesives activities of Solutia to form the surface specialties division. The films part was then sold to Innovia Films in September 2004. The chemicals division methylamines and derivatives was spun off and later sold to form the company Taminco.

In May 2004, UCB acquired the British biotechnology company Celltech, followed in March 2005 by the sale of the surface specialties to Cytec Industries. By divesting all of its non-pharmaceutical activities and acquiring Celltech (for $1 billion), UCB transformed itself into a global biopharmaceutical company.

In 2006, UCB started the purchase of the German pharmaceutical company Schwarz for €4 billion. As of July 2007, UCB holds approximately 87% of Schwarz's outstanding shares. The purchase of Schwarz enabled UCB to introduce two new drugs against CNS disorders: Neupro (rotigotine), a transdermal patch for treatment of Parkinson's disease, and Vimpat (lacosamide), an anticonvulsant. Another drug in the Schwarz portfolio, Toviaz (fesoterodine), a compound to treat overactive bladder, was licensed to Pfizer in 2006.

In 2008, UCB established a multi-year collaboration with Beryllium, a developer of treatments for immune and CNS disorders. By 2014, this collaboration had yielded "significant scientific breakthroughs", which led to UCB acquiring a minority stake in the company.

In 2015, UCB announced the sale of its branded generics business in India and South Asia to Dr. Reddy's Laboratories for INR 8 billion ($128.38 million). In September of the same year, the company offloaded its generics subsidiary (Kremers Urban Pharmaceuticals) to Lannett for $1.23 billion.

UCB has operations in over 40 countries and employs more than 7500 people. The United States specialty generics subsidiary was Kremers Urban Pharmaceuticals, established in 1904 and based in Princeton, New Jersey. By November 2015, Lannett Company had acquired Kremers for US$1,230,000,000.

Scandals

In 2004, UCB was fined €10.4 million by the EU for its involvement in a vitamin B4 price fixing cartel. In 2011, UCB was fined $34 million in the US for fraud arising from the mispromotion of Keppra for migraines, despite company research showing it was ineffective for this purpose. In 2015, UCB was investigated by Chinese authorities for corruption and bribery.