VXRT on OTC

Vaxart

American biotechnology company

Vaxart, Inc. is an American biotechnology company focused on the discovery, development, and commercialization of oral recombinant vaccines administered using temperature-stable tablets that can be stored and shipped without refrigeration, eliminating the need for needle injection. Its development programs for oral vaccine delivery (Vector-Adjuvant-Antigen Standardized Technology known as VAAST) include prophylactic, enteric-coated tablet vaccines for inhibiting norovirus, seasonal influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and human papillomavirus.3 Its shares trade on OTC under the symbol VXRT.1 Wikipedia text CC BY-SA 4.0

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Last updated Oct 21, 2026.

Overview

Jan 1, 2004Founded1

Compare with Iovance Biotherapeutics, Vericel or Adaptive Biotechnologies, or pick any stock.

  • TickerVXRT on OTC1
  • Industrybiotechnology1
  • HeadquartersSan Francisco1
  • Websitevaxart.com
  • Incorporated inDE4
  • Business address310 Utah Avenue, Suite 150, South San Francisco, Ca4
  • Filer categoryAccelerated filer, Smaller reporting company4
VaxartHQ
Photo: BGirST, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons7

Vaxart, Inc. is an American biotechnology company focused on the discovery, development, and commercialization of oral recombinant vaccines administered using temperature-stable tablets that can be stored and shipped without refrigeration, eliminating the need for needle injection. Its development programs for oral vaccine delivery (Vector-Adjuvant-Antigen Standardized Technology known as VAAST) include prophylactic, enteric-coated tablet vaccines for inhibiting norovirus, seasonal influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and human papillomavirus. It was founded in 2004 by Sean Tucker. Originally incorporated as West Coast Biologicals, Inc. in California in 2004, the company later changed its name to Vaxart, Inc. in July 2007, after reincorporating in Delaware. A significant development in the company's history was the reverse merger with Aviragen Therapeutics, Inc. on February 13, 2018, which led to Vaxart becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of Aviragen. Post-merger, the company continued as Vaxart, Inc.3

Financials

From the company’s reports to the SEC. Every number links to the filing it came from.

Key numbers, fiscal 2025

7.6%Operating margin8
6.9%Net margin8
726.7%Revenue growth, 20258
18.6%Return on equity8
$7.6MFree cash flow8

What sells

Revenue by product, business segment and region, as the company reports it to the SEC.

Products and services

Government Contract brought in 95% of the revenue Vaxart broke down this way in fiscal 2025.

  1. Government Contract$224.5M895%up 803% from 2024
  2. License$8.7M84%
  3. Collaboration Revenue$2.1M81%
  4. Non Cash Royalty Revenue$1.9M81%down 50% from 2024
Products and services by year
Products and services20242025
Government Contract$24.9M$224.5M
License$0$8.7M
Collaboration Revenue$0$2.1M
Non Cash Royalty Revenue$3.8M$1.9M

Where the money goes

Where each dollar of revenue went, fiscal 2025

  • Research and development85¢$201.6M
  • Other costs8¢$18.9M
  • Income tax0¢$476.0K
  • Profit7¢$16.3M

Out of $237.3M in revenue.8

Where each dollar of operating cash went, fiscal 2025

  • Capital spending2¢$145.0K
  • Kept or used elsewhere98¢$7.6M

Out of $7.7M of cash from operations.8

Financial statements

Revenue91011128$237.3M in 2025+2306% since 2019
0$100.0M$200.0M$300.0M2019: $9.9M$9.9M20192020: $4.0M$4.0M2020−59%2021: $892.0K$892.0K2021−78%2022: $107.0K$107.0K2022−88%2023: $7.4M$7.4M2023+6796%2024: $28.7M$28.7M2024+289%2025: $237.3M$237.3M2025+727%
Operating income91011128$18.1M in 2025
-$150.0M-$100.0M-$50.0M0$50.0M2019: -$15.8M-$15.8M20192020: -$30.2M-$30.2M2020+91%2021: -$72.8M-$72.8M2021+141%2022: -$114.6M-$114.6M2022+58%2023: -$83.3M-$83.3M2023−27%2024: -$66.3M-$66.3M2024−20%2025: $18.1M$18.1M2025
Net income91011128$16.3M in 2025
-$150.0M-$100.0M-$50.0M0$50.0M2019: -$18.6M-$18.6M20192020: -$32.2M-$32.2M2020+73%2021: -$70.5M-$70.5M2021+119%2022: -$107.8M-$107.8M2022+53%2023: -$82.5M-$82.5M2023−23%2024: -$66.9M-$66.9M2024−19%2025: $16.3M$16.3M2025

Every line of the income statement as filed: the last 2 fiscal years, latest first.8

Period ending2025-12-312024-12-31
Revenues$237.3M$28.7M
Research and development$201.6M$74.2M
General and administrative$17.6M$20.8M
Total operating expenses$219.2M$95.0M
Operating income (loss)$18.1M-$66.3M
Interest income$1.6M$2.5M
Non-cash interest expense related to sale of future royalties-$2.8M-$3.0M
Other income (expense), net-$44.0K$31.0K
Income (loss) before income taxes$16.8M-$66.7M
Provision for income taxes$476.0K$260.0K
Basic (in dollars per share)$0.07-$0.33
Diluted (in dollars per share)$0.07-$0.33
Basic (in shares)230.3M shares202.1M shares
Diluted (in shares)230.3M shares202.1M shares
Net income (loss)$16.3M-$66.9M
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments, net of tax-$7.0K$5.0K
Comprehensive income (loss)$16.3M-$66.9M

Compare Vaxart with another company

Corporate structure

Vaxart sits at the top of its group. 4 entities, 2 countries on record. Switch between the flow chart and the network, and select any entity to see its details.

Major holders of Vaxart

  • Vaxart San Francisco
    • Biota Holdings Pty, Ltd. Subsidiary · Australia
    • Biota Scientific Management Pty, Ltd. Subsidiary · Australia
    • Vaxart Biosciences, Inc. Subsidiary · Delaware, United States

Built from subsidiaries listed in Exhibit 21 of annual reports filed with the SEC; major holders from Schedules 13D and 13G. Each entity in the chart links to its source.

What it owns

What Vaxart reports owning in its annual reports to the SEC: buildings, land and equipment, real estate and locations, investments, intangible assets and inventory, at the end of its latest fiscal year and a year before.

Property and equipment

ItemLatestA year beforeChange
Property and equipment, before depreciation$19.2M8 Dec 31, 2025$19.2M8 Dec 31, 2024+0.1%
Accumulated depreciation$13.8M8 Dec 31, 2025$10.5M8 Dec 31, 2024+31.3%
Property and equipment, net$5.4M8 Dec 31, 2025$8.7M8 Dec 31, 2024−37.6%
Operating-lease assets (leased space)$11.4M8 Dec 31, 2025$20.4M8 Dec 31, 2024−44.0%

Investments

ItemLatestA year beforeChange
Marketable securities, current$10.0M8 Dec 31, 2025$26.5M8 Dec 31, 2024−62.3%

Intangibles and goodwill

ItemLatestA year beforeChange
Goodwill$4.5M8 Dec 31, 2025$4.5M8 Dec 31, 20240%
Intangible assets, net (excluding goodwill)$2.8M8 Dec 31, 2025$3.6M8 Dec 31, 2024−20.6%
Finite-lived intangibles, gross$5.1M8 Dec 31, 2025$5.1M8 Dec 31, 20240%
Accumulated amortization$2.3M8 Dec 31, 2025$1.5M8 Dec 31, 2024+48.0%
Finite-lived intangibles, net$2.8M8 Dec 31, 2025$3.6M12 Dec 31, 2024−20.6%

Properties, in its own words

We do not own any real property. Our leased facilities as of December 31, 2025, are as follows:

Location · Square Feet · Primary Use · Lease Terms

The rest of Item 2

South San Francisco, CA · 63,398 sq ft · Laboratory, manufacturing and office · Four leases expiring between May 2026 and March 2029

We believe that our existing facilities are adequate for our current needs.

Item 2 of the 10-K filed Mar 13, 2026.16

Leadership

Who has led Vaxart, and when. Pick a name to see everywhere that person has worked.

Board members and other officers (54)

Products and brands

The Vaxart technology is based on the potential to prevent or inhibit infectious diseases by using orally delivered vaccines by tablets, eliminating intramuscular injection concerns which may involve pain, fear of needles, cross-contamination, dosing inconsistencies, and higher cost for large-scale immunizations. As a proof of concept for oral vaccination efficacy, an oral vaccine against polio was proved to be safe and effective, and is in common use in many countries.

Vaxart uses enteric-coated tablets to protect the active vaccine from acidic degradation in the stomach, delivering the vaccine into the small intestine where it can engage the immune system to stimulate systemic and mucosal immune responses against a virus.

Vaxart uses a specific virus called adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) as a delivery biological "vector" to carry genes coding for the antigen to generate a protective immune response. The Ad5 vector delivers the antigen to the epithelial cells lining the mucosa of the small intestine where it stimulates the immune system to respond against the vaccine antigen, creating a systemic immune response against a virus.

In addition to its focus on infectious diseases, Vaxart has expanded its vaccine development efforts to include therapeutic vaccines for chronic viral infections and cancer. These efforts are anchored in the company's innovative technology that enables the creation of tablet-based vaccines, which can generate broad and durable immune responses, including systemic, mucosal, and T-cell responses. This comprehensive immune activation is particularly critical in the context of chronic viral infections and cancer, where both systemic and localized immune responses play a pivotal role in effective treatment.

From Wikipedia’s article on Vaxart, shared under CC BY-SA 4.0.5

Subsidiaries and ownership

Subsidiaries (Exhibit 21)

  • Biota Holdings Pty, Ltd. Australia6
  • Biota Scientific Management Pty, Ltd. Australia6
  • Vaxart Biosciences, Inc. Delaware6

The subsidiaries the company lists in Exhibit 21 of its annual report, as filed.

Former names

  • Aviragen Therapeutics, Inc.Apr 26, 2016 to Feb 15, 20184
  • Biota Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Nov 14, 2012 to Apr 13, 20164
  • NABI BIOPHARMACEUTICALSJul 21, 2010 to Nov 8, 20124
  • NABI BIOPHARMACEUTICALSApr 15, 2002 to Jun 29, 20104
  • NABI /DE/Nov 27, 1996 to Feb 14, 20024
  • NORTH AMERICAN BIOLOGICALS INCNov 8, 1994 to Feb 14, 19964

Timeline

  1. Sep 14, 20268-K Other events87
  2. Aug 25, 20268-K Other events88
  3. Aug 6, 20268-K Results of operations89
  4. Jul 28, 20268-K Other events90
  5. Jul 17, 20268-K Shareholder vote; Regulation FD disclosure91
  6. Jul 7, 20268-K Other events92
  7. Jul 2, 20268-K Entered a material agreement; Regulation FD disclosure93
  8. Jun 26, 20268-K Entered a material agreement; Other events94
  9. May 19, 20268-K Other events95
  10. May 7, 20268-K Results of operations96
  11. Apr 23, 20268-K Executive or director change; Regulation FD disclosure97
  12. Apr 21, 20268-K Other events98
  13. Jun 17, 2020New chief executive Cezar Andrei Floroiu becomes CEO17
  14. Feb 14, 2018New chief executive Wouter Latour becomes CEO18
  15. Oct 2, 2014New chief executive Joseph M. Patti becomes CEO19
  16. Nov 14, 2012New chief executive Russell H. Plumb becomes CEO20
  17. Jan 24, 2008New chief executive Raafat E. F. Fahim becomes CEO21
  18. Feb 20, 2007New chief executive Leslie Hudson becomes CEO22
  19. Jan 1, 2004Founded Founded1
  20. Nov 3, 2003New chief executive Thomas H. McLain becomes CEO23

Calendar

Coming up

  1. Around Nov 5, 2026Next results, estimated About a quarter after its last report. The company hasn't announced the date.

When it reported results

  1. Aug 6, 2026Reported quarterly or annual results89
  2. May 7, 2026Reported quarterly or annual results96
  3. Mar 12, 2026Reported quarterly or annual results99
  4. Nov 13, 2025Reported quarterly or annual results100
  5. Aug 13, 2025Reported quarterly or annual results101
  6. May 13, 2025Reported quarterly or annual results102
  7. Mar 21, 2025Reported quarterly or annual results103
  8. Nov 13, 2024Reported quarterly or annual results104

Drug trials and FDA: coming up

  1. May 2027Phase 2 trial readout expected Phase 2 trial of VXA-CoV2-3.1, COMIRNATY® and others in SARS-CoV2: primary completion expected May 2027 (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06672055).105

Upcoming dates from Nasdaq's calendar; past results from the company's 8-K filings (Item 2.02). Trials from ClinicalTrials.gov, as the sponsor registered them (expected dates are the sponsor's own and often move); approvals and advisory committee meetings from the FDA. The FDA does not publish its decision (PDUFA) dates. The full markets calendar

Filings

347 filings to the SEC since October 2021: 6 annual reports, 15 quarterly reports, 107 major events, 113 insider forms, 11 large holders, 95 other. The latest 20:

  1. Sep 14, 20268-K EDGAR
  2. Aug 25, 20268-K EDGAR
  3. Aug 6, 202610-Q EDGAR
  4. Aug 6, 20268-K EDGAR
  5. Jul 28, 20268-K EDGAR
  6. Jul 20, 20264 EDGAR
  7. Jul 17, 20264 EDGAR
  8. Jul 17, 20264 EDGAR
  9. Jul 17, 20264 EDGAR
  10. Jul 17, 20264 EDGAR
  11. Jul 17, 20268-K EDGAR
  12. Jul 7, 20268-K EDGAR
  13. Jul 6, 2026DEFA14A DEFINITIVE ADDITIONAL MATERIALS EDGAR
  14. Jul 2, 2026DEFA14A DEFINITIVE ADDITIONAL MATERIALS EDGAR
  15. Jul 2, 20268-K CURRENT REPORT EDGAR
  16. Jul 2, 2026DFAN14A EDGAR
  17. Jul 1, 2026DEFA14A DEFINITIVE ADDITIONAL MATERIALS EDGAR
  18. Jun 26, 20268-K EDGAR
  19. Jun 26, 2026DEFA14A DEFINITIVE ADDITIONAL MATERIALS EDGAR
  20. Jun 26, 2026DEFA14A DEFINITIVE ADDITIONAL MATERIALS EDGAR

The 347 filings since October 2021 can be filtered by form type and year here when JavaScript is on.

Every filing from the last five years, summarized. The full record is on SEC EDGAR.

Insider trades

15 open-market trades by officers, directors and large owners since October 2021: 13 buys and 2 sales. Grants, option exercises and gifts are left out.

DateWhoTradeSharesPriceValueFiling
May 22, 2026Watson W. MarkDirectorBuy10,000$0.65$6.5KForm 4
Nov 17, 2025Watson W. MarkDirectorBuy20,000$0.41$8.2KForm 4
Nov 17, 2025HERON ELAINE JDirectorBuy40,000$0.40$15.9KForm 4
Aug 15, 2025Finney KevinDirectorBuy100,000$0.36$36.0KForm 4
Jul 30, 2025Finney KevinDirectorBuy25,874$0.38$9.8KForm 4
Jul 29, 2025Watson W. MarkDirectorBuy10,000$0.41$4.0KForm 4
Jul 28, 2025Finney KevinDirectorBuy20,000$0.40$8.0KForm 4
Jul 25, 2025Finney KevinDirectorBuy20,000$0.39$7.8KForm 4
Jul 17, 2025Finney KevinDirectorBuy794$0.38$302Form 4
May 19, 2025Lo StevenPresident, Chief Exec OfficerBuy100,000$0.49$49.0KForm 4
Jun 18, 2024Watson W. MarkDirectorBuy20,000$0.68$13.6KForm 4
Dec 28, 2022Watson W. MarkDirectorBuy20,000$0.76$15.1KForm 4
Jun 22, 2022Ahmad FuadInterim CFOBuy5,000$3.22$16.1KForm 4
Jan 10, 2022Yedid Robert A.DirectorSale1,500$6.01$9.0KForm 4
Nov 30, 2021Echerd MargaretSVP, Principal Accntng OfficerSale3,602$8.00$28.8KForm 4

From Forms 4 filed with the SEC.

Major holders

Investors who own more than 5% of the shares must tell the SEC: a 13D if they may seek to influence the company, a 13G if they hold passively.

Held by these funds

The largest holders among investment managers' 13F reports for the quarter ending Jun 30, 2026. Change is in shares since the quarter before.

FundSharesValueShare of the fundChange
Heritage Wealth Advisors29,655$17.9K0.0%No change
Kingswood Wealth Advisors, LLC10,005$6.1K0.0%New
Archer Investment Corp30$180.0%+15
Lvm Capital Management Ltd/mi25,000$150.0%No change

13F reports cover disclosed long positions in U.S. stocks only.

SEC filer profile

How Vaxart is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, from its EDGAR record and the cover page of its latest annual report.

  • Name on EDGARVaxart, Inc.2
  • CIK0000072444
  • Employer ID (EIN)59-121226416
  • Filer statusNon-accelerated filer not an emerging growth company; a smaller reporting company; not a shell company16
  • Incorporated inDelaware16
  • Fiscal year endsDecember 312
  • Industry code (SIC)2836 Biological Products, (No Diagnostic Substances)2
  • SEC reviewing officeOffice of Life Sciences, Division of Corporation Finance2
  • Business address310 Utah Avenue, Suite 150, South San Francisco, CA2
  • Phone(650) 550-35002
  • Shares outstanding242,835,358 as of Jul 31, 202614
  • Public float$102.7M as of Jun 30, 202516
  • AuditorWithumSmith+Brown, PC, San Francisco, California PCAOB ID 100; no auditor attestation of internal control over financial reporting16
  • On EDGAR sinceNov 8, 19942
  • Filings1,768 in all: 4 (460), 8-K (384), 424B3 (98), 10-Q (96), DEFA14A (89), SC 13G/A (67), 3 (57), SC 13D/A (54)2
    All 66 form types

    SC 13G (43), DEF 14A (30), 10-K (29), UPLOAD (28), CORRESP (24), S-8 (24), 11-K (18), 8-K/A (18), DFAN14A (18), 424B5 (17), 425 (16), EFFECT (16), SC 13D (14), 4/A (13), ARS (13), S-3 (13), 5 (12), S-3/A (10), PRE 14A (9), POS AM (8), CT ORDER (6), 10-C (5), 3/A (5), PREC14A (5), S-1/A (5), 10-K/A (4), DEFC14A (4), DEFM14A (3), PREM14A (3), PRRN14A (3), PX14A6G (3), S-1 (3), SC TO-I/A (3), 10-Q/A (2), 144 (2), 424B1 (2), 424B4 (2), NO ACT (2), NT 10-K (2), PRER14A (2), REGDEX (2), S-4 (2), S-4/A (2), S-8 POS (2), SCHEDULE 13G (2), SEC STAFF LETTER (2), 10-K405 (1), 15-15D (1), 25-NSE (1), 424B2 (1), 5/A (1), 8-A12B (1), 8-A12G (1), FWP (1), NT 10-Q (1), PREN14A (1), S-3ASR (1), SC TO-I (1)

  • Latest filingsAnnual report (10-K) Mar 13, 2026
    Quarterly report (10-Q) Aug 6, 2026
    Proxy statement (DEF 14A) Aug 6, 2025
    Latest 8-K (8-K) Sep 14, 2026

Securities registered for trading

ClassSymbolExchange
Common Stock, $0.0001 par valueVXRT

From the cover page of the 10-K filed Mar 13, 2026 (Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act).16

Risk factors and legal proceedings

The risks Vaxart names in Item 1A of its 10-K filed Mar 13, 2026: 76 risks under these headings, as written.16

  • Risks Related to Our Business, Financial Position and Capital Requirements
  • Risks Related to Clinical Development, Regulatory Approval and Commercialization
  • Risks Related to Dependence on Third Parties
  • Risks Related to Intellectual Property
  • Throughout our operating history, we have generated limited product revenue.
  • We have incurred significant losses since our inception and expect to continue to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future and may never achieve or maintain profitability.
  • Our recurring losses from operations and negative cash flows had previously raised substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern. Although management has concluded that such conditions have been alleviated as described elsewhere in this report, we will require substantial additional funding to finance our operations, and if we are unable to raise capital, we could be forced to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate certain of our development programs, or explore other strategic options.
  • We are largely dependent on the success of our tablet vaccines for the prevention of norovirus and coronavirus infection, which are still in their clinical development stage, and if one or both of these tablet vaccines do not receive regulatory approval or are not successfully commercialized, our business may be harmed.
  • Currently, a significant portion of the funding to further develop our COVID-19 vaccine candidate is expected to come from BARDA funds. If BARDA were to eliminate, reduce, delay, or object to funding available to us under the 2024 ATI-RRPV Contract, this could have a significant, negative impact on our revenues and cash flows, and we may be forced to suspend or terminate the continued development of the product candidate or obtain alternative sources of funding.
  • Our development of a norovirus vaccine candidate and a coronavirus vaccine candidate is at an early stage. We may be unable to produce an effective vaccine that successfully immunizes humans against norovirus or an effective vaccine that successfully immunizes humans against coronavirus in a timely manner, if at all.
  • We may fail to produce an effective vaccine that successfully immunizes against norovirus or coronavirus in a timely manner, if at all.
  • The likelihood and timing of our success further depends on our partners’ performance and our ability to maintain relationships with them.
The other 68 risks
  • We will require additional capital to fund our operations, and if we fail to obtain necessary financing, we may not be able to complete the development and commercialization of our tablet vaccine candidates.
  • Raising additional funds by issuing securities may cause dilution to existing stockholders, and raising funds through lending and licensing arrangements may restrict our operations or require us to relinquish proprietary rights.
  • The price of our common stock has been volatile and fluctuates substantially, which could result in substantial losses for stockholders.
  • Our common stock has been delisted from The Nasdaq Capital Market. There can therefore be no assurance that it will trade on a national exchange again.
  • Our business may be adversely affected by a pandemic, epidemic, or outbreak of an infectious disease, such as COVID-19, the severe acute respiratory syndrome, the H5N1 strain of avian influenza, the H1N1 strain of swine flu, and the Zika virus.
  • Ongoing military conflicts could cause geopolitical instability, economic uncertainty, financial markets volatility and capital markets disruption may adversely affect our revenue, financial condition, or results of operations.
  • If we fail to obtain or maintain adequate reimbursement and insurance coverage for our product candidates, our ability to generate significant revenue could be limited.
  • Our future success depends on our ability to retain executive officers and attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel.
  • We will need to expand our organization, and may experience difficulties in managing this growth, which could disrupt operations.
  • We are subject to certain legal proceedings, and may be subject to additional legal proceedings, which may result in substantial costs, divert management’s attention and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
  • If securities or industry analysts do not publish research, or publish inaccurate or unfavorable reports about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.
  • In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is possible that one or more government entities may take actions that directly or indirectly have the effect of abrogating some of our rights or opportunities. If we were to develop a COVID-19 vaccine, the economic value of such a vaccine to us could be limited.
  • We are a smaller reporting company and the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to smaller reporting companies may make our common stock less attractive to investors.
  • There are currently no approved vaccines for the prevention of norovirus-related illness. Therefore, the regulatory pathway for any approval of a norovirus vaccine is not entirely clear and may result in unexpected or unforeseen challenges.
  • The regulatory pathway for COVID-19 vaccines is evolving and may result in unexpected or unforeseen challenges.
  • Evolving dynamics in the market for COVID-19 vaccines are likely to impact our financial results.
  • If we fail to continue to develop and refine the formulations of our tablet vaccine candidates, we may not obtain regulatory approvals, and even if approved, the commercial acceptance of our tablet vaccine candidates would likely be limited.
  • Clinical trials are very expensive, time-consuming, difficult to design and implement and involve an uncertain outcome, and if they fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA, or similar regulatory authorities, we will be unable to commercialize our tablet vaccine candidates.
  • A resurgence of the COVID-19 pandemic or the emergence of another public health emergency/pandemic could adversely impact our preclinical studies and clinical trials.
  • Our platform includes a novel vaccine adjuvant and all of our current tablet vaccine candidates include this novel adjuvant, which may make it difficult for us to predict the time and cost of tablet vaccine development as well as the requirements the FDA or other regulatory agencies may impose to demonstrate the safety of the tablet vaccine candidates.
  • Enrollment and retention of subjects in clinical trials is an expensive and time-consuming process and could be made more difficult or rendered impossible by multiple factors outside our control.
  • We face significant competition from other biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, and our operating results will suffer if we fail to compete effectively.
  • The availability of our competitors’ vaccines could limit the demand, and the price we are able to charge, for any tablet vaccine candidate we develop. The inability to compete with existing or subsequently introduced vaccines would have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and prospects.
  • Our tablet vaccine candidates may cause adverse effects or have other properties that could delay or prevent their regulatory approval or limit the scope of any approved label or market acceptance.
  • Disruptions at the FDA and other government agencies caused by funding shortages, staffing limitations or global health concerns could hinder their ability to hire and retain key leadership and other personnel, or otherwise prevent new products and services from being developed or commercialized in a timely manner, which could negatively impact our business.
  • If we are not able to obtain, or if there are delays in obtaining, required regulatory approvals, we will not be able to commercialize, or will be delayed in commercializing, our tablet vaccine candidates, and our ability to generate significant revenue will be impaired.
  • Even if we obtain FDA approval in the United States, we may never obtain approval for or commercialize our tablet vaccine candidates in any other jurisdiction, which would limit our ability to realize each product’s full market potential.
  • Even if we obtain regulatory approval, we will still face extensive ongoing regulatory requirements and our tablet vaccine candidates may face future development and regulatory difficulties.
  • Even if our tablet vaccine candidates receive marketing approval, they may fail to achieve market acceptance by physicians, patients, third-party payors or others in the medical community necessary for commercial success.
  • If we fail to comply with state and federal healthcare regulatory laws, we could face substantial penalties, damages, fines, disgorgement, exclusion from participation in governmental healthcare programs, and the curtailment of our operations, any of which could harm our business.
  • Product liability lawsuits against us could cause us to incur substantial liabilities and could limit the commercialization of any tablet vaccine candidates we may develop.
  • If a product liability claim is successfully brought against us for uninsured liabilities, or such claim exceeds our insurance coverage, we could be forced to pay substantial damage awards that could materially harm our business.
  • If we are unable to establish sales, marketing and distribution capabilities either on our own or in collaboration with third parties, we may not be successful in commercializing our tablet vaccine candidates, if approved.
  • If we obtain approval to commercialize any tablet vaccine candidates outside of the United States, a variety of risks associated with international operations could harm our business.
  • Government involvement may limit the commercial success of our tablet vaccine candidates.
  • The seasonal nature of our target indications, in particular influenza, and competition from new products may cause unpredictable royalty revenues from Inavir and significant fluctuations in our operating results.
  • Our success depends largely upon our ability to advance our product candidates through the various stages of drug development. If we are unable to successfully advance or develop our product candidates, our business will be materially harmed.
  • If the actual or perceived therapeutic benefits, or the safety or tolerability profile of any of our product candidates are not equal to or superior to other competing treatments approved for sale or in clinical development, we may terminate the development of any of our product candidates at any time, and our business prospects and potential profitability could be harmed.
  • Our product candidates may exhibit undesirable side effects when used alone or in combination with other approved pharmaceutical products, which may delay or preclude their development or regulatory approval or limit their use if ever approved.
  • If the results from preclinical studies or clinical trials of our product candidates, including those that are subject to existing or future license or collaboration agreements, are unfavorable, we could be delayed or precluded from the further development or commercialization of our product candidates, which could materially harm our business.
  • We have a limited capacity for managing clinical trials, which could delay or impair our ability to initiate or complete clinical trials of our product candidates on a timely basis and materially harm our business.
  • Our industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid technological changes. As a result, we may be unable to compete successfully or develop innovative or differentiated products, which could harm our business.
  • We may be unable to successfully develop a product candidate that is the subject of an existing or future license agreement or collaboration if our licensee or collaborator does not perform or fulfill its contractual obligations, delays the development of our product candidate, or terminates the agreement.
  • If government and third-party payers fail to provide adequate reimbursement or coverage for our products or those that are developed through licenses or collaborations, our revenues and potential for profitability may be harmed.
  • If any product candidates that we develop independently, or through licensees or collaborators if applicable, are approved but do not gain meaningful acceptance in their intended markets, we are not likely to generate significant revenues.
  • Changes in funding for the FDA, the SEC and other government agencies could hinder their ability to hire and retain key leadership and other personnel, prevent new products and services from being developed or commercialized in a timely manner or otherwise prevent those agencies from performing normal functions on which the operation of our business may rely, which could negatively impact our business.
  • Our dependence on third parties could delay or prevent the development, approval, manufacturing, or any eventual commercialization of our product candidates.
  • We rely on third-party contract manufacturers for certain portions of our manufacturing process. If third-party contract manufacturers fail to manufacture according to our specifications, or fail to comply with strict government regulations, our preclinical studies or clinical trials could be adversely affected and the development of our product candidates could be delayed or terminated, or we could incur significant additional expenses.
  • In the event that we need to change a third-party contract manufacturer, our preclinical studies or our clinical trials, and the commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed, adversely affected or terminated, or such a change may result in the need for us to incur significantly higher costs, which could materially harm our business.
  • We may not be able to manufacture our product candidates in sufficient quantities to commercialize them.
  • The manufacture of pharmaceutical products in compliance with cGMP regulations requires significant expertise and capital investment, including the development of advanced manufacturing techniques and process controls.
  • We currently rely on single source vendors for key tablet vaccine components and certain strains needed in our tablet vaccine candidates, which could impair our ability to manufacture and supply our tablet vaccine candidates.
  • We rely on third parties to conduct, supervise and monitor our clinical trials, and if those third parties perform in an unsatisfactory manner, it may harm our business.
  • We may seek to selectively establish collaborations and, if we are unable to establish them on commercially reasonable terms, we may have to alter our development and commercialization plans.
  • Our relationships with customers and third-party payors will be subject to applicable anti-kickback, fraud and abuse and other healthcare laws and regulations, which could expose us to criminal sanctions, civil penalties, contractual damages, reputational harm and diminished profits and future earnings.
  • We may not be successful in establishing and maintaining additional strategic partnerships, which could adversely affect our ability to develop and commercialize products, negatively impacting our operating results.
  • Strategic partnerships or acquisitions we have made or may make could turn out to be unsuccessful.
  • In the event that a third-party contract manufacturer cannot timely supply sufficient bulk vaccine to allow us to manufacture our vaccine tablets, our preclinical studies or our clinical trials and the commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed, adversely affected or terminated, or may result in the need for us to incur significantly higher costs, which could materially harm our business.
  • If third-party vendors, upon whom we rely to conduct our preclinical studies or clinical trials, do not perform or fail to comply with strict regulations, these studies or trials may be delayed, terminated, or fail, or we could incur significant additional expenses, which could materially harm our business.
  • If we are unable to obtain and maintain patent protection for our oral vaccine platform technology and product candidates or if the scope of the patent protection obtained is not sufficiently broad, we may not be able to compete effectively in our markets.
  • We may be involved in lawsuits to protect or enforce our patents, the patents of our licensors or our other intellectual property rights, which could be expensive, time consuming and unsuccessful.
  • If a third party claims we are infringing on its intellectual property rights, we could incur significant expenses or be prevented from further developing or commercializing our product candidates, which could materially harm our business.
  • Obtaining and maintaining our patent protection depends on compliance with various procedures, document submission, fee payment and other requirements imposed by governmental patent agencies, and our patent protection could be reduced or eliminated for non-compliance with these requirements.
  • Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our product candidates.
  • We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights throughout the world, which could impair our business.
  • We may be subject to claims that our employees, consultants or independent contractors have wrongfully used or disclosed confidential information of third parties or that our employees have wrongfully used or disclosed alleged trade secrets of their former employers.
  • Our reliance on third parties requires us to share our trade secrets, which increases the possibility that a competitor will discover them or that our trade secrets will be misappropriated or disclosed.
  • Patent terms may be inadequate to protect our competitive position on our product candidates for an adequate amount of time.

Legal proceedings

The information included in “Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies, section—(c) Litigation” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8. is incorporated by reference into this Item.

The Company may also from time to time be involved in legal proceedings arising in connection with our business. Based on information currently available, we believe that the amount, or range, of reasonably possible losses in connection with any pending actions against it in excess of established reserves, in the aggregate, is not material to its consolidated financial condition or cash flows. However, any current or future dispute resolution or legal proceeding, regardless of the merits of any such proceeding, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources that are needed to run our business successfully, and could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The opening of Item 3, Legal Proceedings.16

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