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Yellowstone County

County in Montana, United States

Yellowstone County is a county in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 164,731, and was estimated to be 172,692 in 2025, making it the most populous county in Montana. The county seat and the largest city is Billings, the most populous city in Montana and the 253rd-most populous city in the United States.2 Wikipedia text CC BY-SA 4.0

Last updated Oct 21, 2026.

Overview

1893Founded1
  • HeadquartersBillings, United States1
  • Websitewww.co.yellowstone.mt.gov
  • Legal formMUNICIPAL3
  • Kind of organizationPublic body1
  • LEI549300PUWSHL2N4QE4773
  • StatusActive3
  • LEI statusLapsed (not renewed)3
  • Registered address217 North 27th Street, 59101-1939 Billings, United States3
Pompey's Pillar, along No. 10, Central Montana (72432)
Photo: The Hafstrom Co., Publishers, Belfield, N. Dak., Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons5

Yellowstone County is a county in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 164,731, and was estimated to be 172,692 in 2025, making it the most populous county in Montana. The county seat and the largest city is Billings, the most populous city in Montana and the 253rd-most populous city in the United States. It contains over 15.09% of the state's population. Like the nearby national park, Yellowstone County is named after the Yellowstone River which roughly bisects the county, flowing southwest to northeast. The river, in turn, was named for the yellow sandstone cliffs in what is now Yellowstone County.2

The story

History

Yellowstone County was created on February 26, 1883 and organized on May 1, 1883.

2024 estimate

As of the 2024 estimate, there were 171,583 people, 70,714 households, and _ families residing in the county. The population density was 65.16 inhabitants per square mile (25.2/km2). There were 75,777 housing units at an average density of 28.78 per square mile (11.1/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 89.60% White, 0.68% African American, 5.36% Native American, 0.82% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, _% from some other races and 3.44% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 7.05% of the population.

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, there were 164,731 people, 67,578 households, and 42,022 families residing in the county. The population density was 62.55 inhabitants per square mile (24.2/km2). There were 71,804 housing units at an average density of 27.27 inhabitants per square mile (10.5/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 84.97% White, 0.79% African American, 4.39% Native American, 0.80% Asian, 0.14% Pacific Islander, 1.72% from some other races and 7.19% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 6.14% of the population.

There were 67,578 households in the county, of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 26.7% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

Of the residents, 23.2% were under the age of 18 and 17.8% were 65 years of age or older; the median age was 38.8 years. For every 100 females there were 96.4 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 93.9 males. Among occupied housing units, 66.3% were owner-occupied and 33.7% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.4% and the rental vacancy rate was 7.1%.

2010 census

As of the 2010 census, there were 147,972 people, 60,672 households, and 38,367 families residing in the county. The population density was 56.19 inhabitants per square mile (21.7/km2). There were 63,943 housing units at an average density of 24.28 inhabitants per square mile (9.4/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 90.71% White, 0.63% African American, 3.97% Native American, 0.63% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 1.19% from some other races and 2.78% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 4.70% of the population.

In terms of ancestry, 32.4% were German, 14.0% were Irish, 11.3% were English, 10.0% were American, and 9.9% were Norwegian.

Of the 60,672 households, 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.0% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 36.8% were non-families, and 29.7% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.94. The median age was 38.3 years.

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The median income for a household in the county was $48,641 and the median income for a family was $62,380. Males had a median income of $42,899 versus $30,403 for females. The per capita income for the county was $26,152. About 7.9% of families and 11.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.6% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over.

From Wikipedia’s article on Yellowstone County, Montana, shared under CC BY-SA 4.0.4

Timeline

  1. 1893Founded Founded1