Photo: Pierre Termier, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons²⁰

Marcel Bertrand

French geologist

Marcel Alexandre Bertrand (2 July 1847 – 13 February 1907) was a French geologist born in Paris. He was the son of mathematician Joseph Louis François Bertrand (1822–1900), and son-in-law to physicist Éleuthère Mascart (1837-1908).²

From Wikipedia’s article on Marcel Bertrand (this version), CC BY-SA 4.0.

Born Jul 2, 1847, died Feb 13, 1907.¹

About

He studied at the École Polytechnique, and beginning in 1869 he attended the Ecole des Mines de Paris. From 1877 he carried out geological mapping studies of Provence, the Jura Mountains and the Alps. In 1886, he became an instructor at the École Nationale Supérieure des Mines, and in 1896 became a member of the Académie des sciences.

Bertrand, a founder of modern tectonics, originated an orogenic "wave theory" of mountain-building and introduced the nappe hypothesis (nappe de charriage). His wave theory described a build-up of massive folds of earth taking place over successive geological eras, called the Caledonian, Hercynian and Alpine periods of orogeny. Bertrand later added a fourth event called the Huronian orogeny, which took place 2400 to 2100 million years ago, in Precambrian time.

In 1890 he was named president of the Société géologique de France.

The Concours de Géologie twice awarded him the Prix Vaillant (1886 and 1890); he also won the Prix Fontannes (of the Société géologique de France) in 1888 and the Prix Petit d'Ormoy in 1893.

From Wikipedia’s article on Marcel Bertrand, shared under CC BY-SA 4.0.²

Companies

Société géologique de FranceChair¹⁹

Early life and education

1867 to 1869École polytechnique³
1869 to 1873Mines ParisTech³

Career

Occupation: professor, geologist, mining engineer.⁷

1890President of the Geological Society of France⁵
1886 to 1907University teacher⁵
1877 to 1878Worked at Chemins de fer de l'Est⁴
1873 to 1877Worked at Établissement thermal de Luxeuil-les-Bains⁴
Date not recordedChair, Société géologique de France⁶

Personal life

BornJul 2, 1847, Paris⁸
DiedFeb 13, 1907, 6th arrondissement of Paris^{9 10}
CitizenshipFrance¹¹
Residence7th arrondissement of Paris^{12 13}
SpouseMathilde Mascart married 1886^{13 14}
Children7^{15 16}

He was married to Mathilde Mascart and their daughter, Thérèse Bertrand-Fontaine (1895 – 1987), became a physician and researcher. She was only the third woman to be named a full member of the National Academy of Medicine.

From Wikipedia’s article on Marcel Bertrand (this version), CC BY-SA 4.0.

Awards

1902Officer of the Legion of Honour¹⁷
1893Petit d'Ormoy, Carriere, Thebault Award¹⁷
1889Prix François-Fontannes^{17 18}
1885Knight of the Legion of Honour¹⁷

Sources

The numbers on this page point here. Each one links to the record it came from.

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WikidataMarcel Bertrand on Wikidata
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WikipediaMarcel Bertrand on Wikipedia
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WikidataMarcel Bertrand: education, on Wikidata
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WikidataMarcel Bertrand: Worked at Établissement thermal de Luxeuil-les-Bains, on Wikidata
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WikidataMarcel Bertrand: University teacher, on Wikidata
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WikidataMarcel Bertrand: Chair, Société géologique de France, on Wikidata
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WikidataMarcel Bertrand: occupation, on Wikidata
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WikidataMarcel Bertrand: place of birth, on Wikidata
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WikidataMarcel Bertrand: place of death, on Wikidata
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Wikidataplace of death, as reported by Archives de Paris
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WikidataMarcel Bertrand: citizenship, on Wikidata
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WikidataMarcel Bertrand: residence, on Wikidata
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Wikidataresidence, as reported by Archives de Paris
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WikidataMarcel Bertrand: spouse, on Wikidata
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WikidataMarcel Bertrand: number of children, on Wikidata
16
Wikidatanumber of children, as reported
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WikidataMarcel Bertrand: award, on Wikidata
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Wikidataaward, as reported
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WikidataSociété géologique de France, Chair
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Wikimedia CommonsMarcel Bertrand photo by Pierre Termier, Public domain