Muhammad bin Ibrahim

Muhammad graduated from the Harvard Kennedy School from its Masters in Public Administration programme in 1993. He attended the six-week Advanced Management Programme at Harvard Business School in 2010. He earned a bachelor's degree in accounting from University of Malaya, and a postgraduate diploma in Islamic Banking and Finance from the International Islamic University Malaysia.

Muhammad joined Bank Negara Malaysia in 1984, and was appointed as Deputy Governor in June 2010. He sat on the Bank's Monetary Policy Committee as well as the Financial Stability Committee.

Throughout his service to the Central Bank of Malaysia, he held several posts in several government bodies and companies. He was a member of the board of directors of PETRONAS since 2010, and of the Malaysian Retirement Trust Fund since 2012. He is the chairman of the Asian Institute of Finance since 2016.

During the Asian Financial Crisis, he was the managing director of Danamodal Nasional Berhad, a bank recapitalization agency.

Muhammad was bestowed the Malaysian Federal Award Panglima Setia Mahkota by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong in 2017.

After the collapse of the Barisan Nasional (BN) administration and formation of the new Pakatan Harapan (PH) administration on 10 May 2018, Muhammad resigned almost a month later on 6 June 2018.