AMLX on Nasdaq

Amylyx Pharmaceuticals

Logo: Amylyx Pharmaceuticals, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons4

American biopharmaceutical company

Amylyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc is a biopharmaceutical company headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Amylyx is best known for AMX0035, an experimental therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. AMX0035 was approved for medical use in Canada as Albrioza, in June 2022, and in the United States, as Relyvrio, in September 2022.3 Its shares trade on Nasdaq under the symbol AMLX.1 Wikipedia text CC BY-SA 4.0

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Last updated Oct 21, 2026.

Overview

2013Founded1

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  • TickerAMLX on Nasdaq1
  • IndustryPharmaceutical Preparations1
  • HeadquartersCambridge1
  • Websitewww.amylyx.com
  • Incorporated inDE5
  • Business address55 Cambridge Parkway, Suite 6W, Cambridge, Ma 021425
  • Filer categoryNon-accelerated filer, Smaller reporting company5

Amylyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc is a biopharmaceutical company headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Amylyx is best known for AMX0035, an experimental therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. AMX0035 was approved for medical use in Canada as Albrioza, in June 2022, and in the United States, as Relyvrio, in September 2022. It was withdrawn in April, 2024.3

Financials

From the company’s reports to the SEC. Every number links to the filing it came from.

Key numbers, fiscal 2025

-100.0%Revenue growth, 20258
-47.4%Return on equity8
-$123.5MFree cash flow8

Financial statements

Revenue9108$0 in 2025
0$100.0M$200.0M$300.0M$400.0M2021: $285.0K$285.0K20212022: $22.2M$22.2M2022+7700%2023: $380.8M$380.8M2023+1613%2024: $87.4M$87.4M2024−77%2025: $0$02025
Operating income9108-$153.3M in 2025+85% since 2021
-$400.0M-$300.0M-$200.0M-$100.0M0$100.0M2021: -$82.7M-$82.7M20212022: -$201.3M-$201.3M2022+143%2023: $38.8M$38.8M20232024: -$314.7M-$314.7M20242025: -$153.3M-$153.3M2025−51%
Net income9108-$144.7M in 2025+65% since 2021
-$400.0M-$300.0M-$200.0M-$100.0M0$100.0M2021: -$87.9M-$87.9M20212022: -$198.4M-$198.4M2022+126%2023: $49.3M$49.3M20232024: -$301.7M-$301.7M20242025: -$144.7M-$144.7M2025−52%

Every line of the income statement as filed: the last 2 fiscal years, latest first.8

Period ending2025-12-312024-12-31
Product revenue, net$0$87.4M
Cost of sales$0$6.0M
Cost of sales - inventory impairment and loss on firm purchase commitments$0$118.7M
Acquired in-process research and development$0$36.2M
Research and development$90.4M$104.1M
Selling, general and administrative$62.9M$114.3M
Restructuring expenses$0$22.9M
Total operating expenses$153.3M$402.1M
Loss from operations-$153.3M-$314.7M
Interest income$9.3M$13.8M
Other expense, net-$700.0K-$1.2M
Total other income, net$8.6M$12.6M
Loss before income taxes-$144.7M-$302.1M
Provision (benefit) for income taxes$46.0K-$393.0K
Net loss-$144.7M-$301.7M
Net loss per share - basic-$1.53-$4.43
Net loss per share - diluted-$1.53-$4.43
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share - basic94.6M shares68.1M shares
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share - diluted94.6M shares68.1M shares

Compare Amylyx Pharmaceuticals with another company

Corporate structure

Amylyx Pharmaceuticals sits at the top of its group. 6 entities, 6 countries on record. Switch between the flow chart and the network, and select any entity to see its details.

Major holders of Amylyx Pharmaceuticals

  • PERCEPTIVE ADVISORS LLC Filed SCHEDULE 13G/A on Amylyx Pharmaceuticals, latest May 15, 2026 (8 filings since Jun 21, 2022)
  • VANGUARD GROUP INC Filed SCHEDULE 13G/A on Amylyx Pharmaceuticals, latest Mar 26, 2026 (8 filings since Feb 9, 2023)
  • TCG Crossover GP II, LLC Filed SCHEDULE 13G/A on Amylyx Pharmaceuticals, latest Feb 17, 2026 (2 filings since Aug 26, 2024)
  • Adage Capital Management, L.P. Filed SCHEDULE 13G/A on Amylyx Pharmaceuticals, latest Feb 12, 2026 (4 filings since May 12, 2025)
  • FMR LLC Filed SCHEDULE 13G/A on Amylyx Pharmaceuticals, latest Feb 5, 2026 (2 filings since Oct 7, 2025)
  • BlackRock Filed SCHEDULE 13G/A on Amylyx Pharmaceuticals, latest Jan 21, 2026 (5 filings since Feb 13, 2023)
  • Commodore Capital LP Filed SCHEDULE 13G on Amylyx Pharmaceuticals, latest Nov 17, 2025
  • Point72 Asset Management, L.P. Filed SCHEDULE 13G/A on Amylyx Pharmaceuticals, latest Nov 14, 2025 (6 filings since Dec 11, 2023)
  • Panacea Innovation Ltd Filed SCHEDULE 13G/A on Amylyx Pharmaceuticals, latest Feb 14, 2025 (2 filings since Mar 11, 2024)
  • VIKING GLOBAL INVESTORS LP Filed SC 13G/A on Amylyx Pharmaceuticals, latest Feb 14, 2024 (4 filings since Jan 21, 2022)
  • Morningside Venture Investments Ltd Filed SC 13D/A on Amylyx Pharmaceuticals, latest Oct 4, 2023 (5 filings since Jan 25, 2022)
  • Goldman Sachs Filed SC 13G on Amylyx Pharmaceuticals, latest Jun 9, 2023
  • Amylyx Pharmaceuticals Cambridge
    • Amylyx Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc. Subsidiary · Canada
    • Amylyx Pharmaceuticals Distribution Ltd. Subsidiary · Ireland
    • Amylyx Pharmaceuticals EMEA B.V. Subsidiary · Netherlands
    • Amylyx Pharmaceuticals Germany GmbH Subsidiary · Germany
    • Amylyx Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd. Subsidiary · United Kingdom

Built from subsidiaries listed in Exhibit 21 of annual reports filed with the SEC; major holders from Schedules 13D and 13G. Each entity in the chart links to its source.

What it owns

What Amylyx Pharmaceuticals reports owning in its annual reports to the SEC: buildings, land and equipment, real estate and locations, investments, intangible assets and inventory, at the end of its latest fiscal year and a year before.

Property and equipment

ItemLatestA year beforeChange
Property and equipment, before depreciation$1.9M8 Dec 31, 2025$2.3M8 Dec 31, 2024−19.7%
Accumulated depreciation$1.6M8 Dec 31, 2025$1.4M8 Dec 31, 2024+14.3%
Property and equipment, net$310.0K8 Dec 31, 2025$961.0K8 Dec 31, 2024−67.7%
Operating-lease assets (leased space)$5.2M8 Dec 31, 2025$1.8M8 Dec 31, 2024+192.5%

Investments

ItemLatestA year beforeChange
Cash and cash equivalents$226.7M8 Dec 31, 2025$77.4M8 Dec 31, 2024+192.9%
Marketable securities, current$90.3M8 Dec 31, 2025$99.1M8 Dec 31, 2024−8.9%

Inventory

ItemLatestA year beforeChange
Raw materials$010 Dec 31, 2024$53.1M10 Dec 31, 2023−100.0%
Work in process$010 Dec 31, 2024$18.9M10 Dec 31, 2023−100.0%
Finished goods$010 Dec 31, 2024$11.2M10 Dec 31, 2023−100.0%

Properties, in its own words

Details of our principal properties as of December 31, 2025, are provided below:

Property Description · Location · SquareFootage · PropertyInterest · Initial LeaseTerm End Date

The rest of Item 2

Office space · Cambridge, Massachusetts · 8,850 · Leased · October 2026

Office space · Cambridge, Massachusetts · 15,267 · Leased · December 2030

We believe that our facilities are adequate for our current needs and that suitable additional or substitute space would be available if needed.

Item 2 of the 10-K filed Mar 3, 2026.14

The story

Amylyx Pharmaceuticals was founded in 2013 by Joshua Cohen and Justin Klee when the two were undergraduate students at Brown University. The two proposed that taurursodiol and sodium phenylbutyrate together might prevent dysfunction of mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum, safeguarding neurons. Klee and Cohen were advised by Rudolph E. Tanzi, who ultimately served as the founding chair of Amylyx's scientific research board. After Klee and Cohen were able to achieve strong results in pre-clinical research, Tanzi connected the two to his colleagues at Massachusetts General Hospital, which culminated in clinical trials and FDA approval. The company was granted $2.2 million by the ALS Association with funds raised through the Ice Bucket Challenge.

Amylyx went public in January 2022. The company's shares began trading on the Nasdaq on January 7, 2022 under the symbol AMLX.

After a disappointing Phase 3 trial of AMX0035 failed to produce significant differences versus a placebo, on April 4, 2024 Amylyx announced they would begin the process of withdrawing Albrioza and Relyviro from the North American market. Amylyx received praise for keeping its pre-approval promise to stop selling the drug if it turned out to be ineffective, an unusually ethical move which the FDA rarely requires. The company cited its independence from major pharmaceutical companies as a reason it could do so.

From Wikipedia’s article on Amylyx Pharmaceuticals, shared under CC BY-SA 4.0.6

Leadership

Who has led Amylyx Pharmaceuticals, and when. Pick a name to see everywhere that person has worked.

Chief financial officer

  1. James M. Frates2022–now
201520202025
Board members and other officers (12)

Subsidiaries and ownership

Subsidiaries (Exhibit 21)

  • Amylyx Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc. Canada7
  • Amylyx Pharmaceuticals Distribution Ltd. Ireland7
  • Amylyx Pharmaceuticals EMEA B.V. Netherlands7
  • Amylyx Pharmaceuticals Germany GmbH Germany7
  • Amylyx Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd. United Kingdom7

The subsidiaries the company lists in Exhibit 21 of its annual report, as filed.

Timeline

  1. Sep 8, 20268-K Entered a material agreement28
  2. Aug 20, 20268-K Entered a material agreement29
  3. Aug 18, 20268-K Regulation FD disclosure; Other events30
  4. Aug 18, 20268-K Other events31
  5. Aug 6, 20268-K Results of operations32
  6. Jun 4, 20268-K Shareholder vote33
  7. May 7, 20268-K Results of operations34
  8. Mar 24, 20268-K Regulation FD disclosure35
  9. Mar 3, 20268-K Results of operations36
  10. Jan 8, 20268-K Regulation FD disclosure; Other events37
  11. Nov 6, 20258-K Results of operations38
  12. Sep 10, 20258-K Entered a material agreement39
  13. Jan 7, 2022Went public Listed on NASDAQ1
  14. Jan 6, 2022New chief executive Justin B. Klee becomes CEO16
  15. Jan 6, 2022New chief executive Joshua B. Cohen becomes CEO15
  16. 2013Founded Founded1

Calendar

Coming up

  1. Nov 5, 2026Reports results for the quarter ending Sep/2026 A year earlier it reported ($0.37) a share, on Nov 6, 2025.40

When it reported results

  1. Aug 6, 2026Reported quarterly or annual results32
  2. May 7, 2026Reported quarterly or annual results34
  3. Mar 3, 2026Reported quarterly or annual results36
  4. Nov 6, 2025Reported quarterly or annual results38
  5. Aug 7, 2025Reported quarterly or annual results41
  6. May 8, 2025Reported quarterly or annual results42
  7. Mar 4, 2025Reported quarterly or annual results43
  8. Nov 7, 2024Reported quarterly or annual results44

Drug trials and FDA: recently

  1. Jul 8, 2026Phase 3 trial completed Phase 3 trial of Avexitide in Post Bariatric Hypoglycemia: primary completion Jul 8, 2026, no results posted yet (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06747468).45

Upcoming dates from Nasdaq's calendar; past results from the company's 8-K filings (Item 2.02). Trials from ClinicalTrials.gov, as the sponsor registered them (expected dates are the sponsor's own and often move); approvals and advisory committee meetings from the FDA. The FDA does not publish its decision (PDUFA) dates. The full markets calendar

Filings

426 filings to the SEC since October 2021: 5 annual reports, 14 quarterly reports, 55 major events, 204 insider forms, 49 large holders, 99 other. The latest 20:

  1. Oct 7, 20264 EDGAR
  2. Oct 5, 2026144 EDGAR
  3. Sep 14, 20264 EDGAR
  4. Sep 14, 20264 EDGAR
  5. Sep 14, 20264 EDGAR
  6. Sep 14, 20264 EDGAR
  7. Sep 14, 20264 EDGAR
  8. Sep 11, 2026144 EDGAR
  9. Sep 11, 2026144 EDGAR
  10. Sep 11, 2026144 EDGAR
  11. Sep 11, 2026144 EDGAR
  12. Sep 11, 2026144 EDGAR
  13. Sep 8, 20268-K EDGAR
  14. Sep 2, 20264 EDGAR
  15. Aug 20, 20264 EDGAR
  16. Aug 20, 20264 EDGAR
  17. Aug 20, 20264 EDGAR
  18. Aug 20, 20264 EDGAR
  19. Aug 20, 20264 EDGAR
  20. Aug 20, 20268-K EDGAR

The 426 filings since October 2021 can be filtered by form type and year here when JavaScript is on.

Every filing from the last five years, summarized. The full record is on SEC EDGAR.

Insider trades

109 open-market trades by officers, directors and large owners since October 2021: 17 buys and 92 sales. Grants, option exercises and gifts are left out.

DateWhoTradeSharesPriceValueFiling
Sep 10, 2026Bedrosian Camille LChief Medical OfficerSale10,028$32.39$324.8KForm 4
Sep 10, 2026FRATES JAMES MChief Financial OfficerSale10,810$32.36$349.8KForm 4
Sep 10, 2026Mazzariello GinaChief Legal OfficerSale9,536$32.46$309.5KForm 4
Sep 10, 2026Cohen Joshua BCo-Chief Executive OfficerSale30,464$32.19$980.6KForm 4
Sep 10, 2026Klee Justin B.Co-Chief Executive OfficerSale30,464$32.18$980.3KForm 4
Jul 10, 2026Mazzariello GinaChief Legal OfficerSale15,000$17.61$264.1KForm 4
Jul 9, 2026Mazzariello GinaChief Legal OfficerSale15,000$18.32$274.8KForm 4
May 21, 2026Firestone KarenDirectorBuy3,800$13.51$51.3KForm 4
Mar 2, 2026Klee Justin B.Co-Chief Executive OfficerSale29,282$14.47$423.7KForm 4
Mar 2, 2026Cohen Joshua BCo-Chief Executive OfficerSale29,282$14.48$424.0KForm 4
Mar 2, 2026Bedrosian Camille LChief Medical OfficerSale6,461$14.58$94.2KForm 4
Mar 2, 2026FRATES JAMES MChief Financial OfficerSale7,909$14.52$114.8KForm 4
Mar 2, 2026Mazzariello GinaChief Legal OfficerSale6,844$14.52$99.4KForm 4
Feb 23, 2026Mazzariello GinaChief Legal OfficerSale3,419$14.14$48.3KForm 4
Feb 2, 2026FRATES JAMES MChief Financial OfficerSale3,557$14.65$52.1KForm 4
Feb 2, 2026Cohen Joshua BCo-Chief Executive OfficerSale15,500$14.68$227.5KForm 4
Feb 2, 2026Mazzariello GinaChief Legal OfficerSale3,448$14.65$50.5KForm 4
Feb 2, 2026Klee Justin B.Co-Chief Executive OfficerSale15,500$14.69$227.7KForm 4
Jan 16, 2026Cohen Joshua BCo-Chief Executive OfficerSale1,974$13.83$27.3KForm 4
Jan 16, 2026Klee Justin B.Co-Chief Executive OfficerSale1,995$13.89$27.7KForm 4

All 109 trades can be filtered by person here when JavaScript is on.

From Forms 4 filed with the SEC.

Major holders

Investors who own more than 5% of the shares must tell the SEC: a 13D if they may seek to influence the company, a 13G if they hold passively.

Executive pay

What the company paid its top executives, from the summary compensation table in its proxy statement. Total pay includes salary, bonus, stock and option awards and other pay, as the company valued them.

YearExecutiveAgeSalaryTotal pay
2025Joshua CohenCo-Chief Executive Officer and Director34$686.2K$2.7M59
2025Justin KleeCo-Chief Executive Officer and Director35$686.2K$2.7M59
2025Camille L. Bedrosian, M.D.Chief Medical Officer73$575.0K$1.6M59
2025James FratesChief Financial Officer58$540.6K$1.4M59
2024Joshua CohenCo-Chief Executive Officer and Director34$686.2K$6.5M59
2024Justin KleeCo-Chief Executive Officer and Director35$686.2K$6.5M59
2024James FratesChief Financial Officer58$540.6K$2.5M59

Held by these funds

The largest holders among investment managers' 13F reports for the quarter ending Jun 30, 2026, the top 25 of 100. Change is in shares since the quarter before.

FundSharesValueShare of the fundChange
Fmr LLC16,727,909$300.4M0.0%+97,368
BlackRock, Inc.8,827,085$158.5M0.0%−1,751
Perceptive Advisors LLC8,334,882$149.7M2.3%+50,000
TCG Crossover Management, LLC6,243,812$112.1M2.7%No change
Commodore Capital LP5,650,000$101.5M6.0%No change
Jupiter Topco LLC5,236,102$94.0M0.0%New
Saturn V Capital Management LP4,624,101$83.0M11.9%+274,216
Vanguard Capital Management LLC4,224,224$75.9M0.0%+82,649
Morgan Stanley3,130,808$56.2M0.0%+955,261
Driehaus Capital Management LLC3,036,970$54.5M0.3%+49,823
First Light Asset Management, LLC3,023,256$54.3M3.3%−167,389
Franklin Resources Inc2,950,225$53.0M0.0%+688,656
Goldman Sachs Group Inc2,858,239$51.3M0.0%+232,248
State Street Corp2,603,337$46.8M0.0%+240,176
Geode Capital Management, LLC2,335,315$41.9M0.0%+124,383
Jpmorgan Chase & Co1,863,650$34.9M0.0%+1,703,987
Adage Capital Partners Gp, L.l.c.1,900,000$34.1M0.0%−1,660,764
Siren, L.L.C.1,480,586$26.6M0.5%+250,586
Eventide Asset Management, LLC1,327,536$23.8M0.3%−186,422
683 Capital Management, LLC1,279,512$23.0M2.2%−250,488
Vanguard Portfolio Management LLC1,061,534$19.1M0.0%+116,753
Alyeska Investment Group, L.P.1,053,015$18.9M0.0%New
Almitas Capital LLC974,881$17.5M4.2%−1,147,716
Nantahala Capital Management, LLC973,368$17.5M0.5%+437,684
Dimensional Fund Advisors LP902,463$16.2M0.0%−729

13F reports cover disclosed long positions in U.S. stocks only.

Members of Congress who traded it

1 trades disclosed by members of Congress. “Vs S&P since” is the stock’s change since the trade minus the S&P 500’s.

DateMemberTradeAmountVs S&P sinceFiling
Oct 12, 2022Christopher L. Jacobs, HouseBuy$1,001 - $15,000−138.1%Report

Members report amounts as ranges, not exact figures. Returns are price-only (no dividends).

SEC filer profile

How Amylyx Pharmaceuticals is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, from its EDGAR record and the cover page of its latest annual report.

  • Name on EDGARAmylyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.2
  • CIK0001658551
  • Employer ID (EIN)46-460050314
  • Filer statusNon-accelerated filer not an emerging growth company; a smaller reporting company; not a shell company14
  • Incorporated inDelaware14
  • Fiscal year endsDecember 312
  • Industry code (SIC)2834 Pharmaceutical Preparations2
  • SEC reviewing officeOffice of Life Sciences, Division of Corporation Finance2
  • Business address55 Cambridge Parkway, Suite 6W, Cambridge, MA 021422
  • Phone617-682-09172
  • Shares outstanding111,423,048 as of Jul 27, 202612
  • Public float$518.2M as of Jun 30, 202514
  • AuditorDeloitte & Touche LLP, Boston, Massachusetts PCAOB ID 34; no auditor attestation of internal control over financial reporting14
  • On EDGAR sinceNov 17, 20152
  • Filings438 in all: 4 (178), 8-K (55), 144 (36), 3 (17), SCHEDULE 13G/A (15), 10-Q (14), SC 13G (12), SC 13G/A (9)2
    All 39 form types

    SCHEDULE 13G (8), CORRESP (7), UPLOAD (7), 424B5 (6), D (6), S-8 (6), 10-K (5), 4/A (5), DEF 14A (5), DEFA14A (5), ARS (4), D/A (4), SC 13D/A (4), EFFECT (3), 3/A (2), 424B4 (2), 5 (2), DRS (2), DRS/A (2), DRSLTR (2), S-1 (2), S-1MEF (2), S-3ASR (2), SEC STAFF LETTER (2), 8-A12B (1), CERT (1), FWP (1), POSASR (1), S-1/A (1), S-3 (1), SC 13D (1)

  • Latest filingsAnnual report (10-K) Mar 3, 2026
    Quarterly report (10-Q) Aug 6, 2026
    Proxy statement (DEF 14A) Apr 23, 2026
    Latest 8-K (8-K) Sep 8, 2026

Securities registered for trading

ClassSymbolExchange
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per shareAMLXNasdaq

From the cover page of the 10-K filed Mar 3, 2026 (Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act).14

Risk factors and legal proceedings

The risks Amylyx Pharmaceuticals names in Item 1A of its 10-K filed Mar 3, 2026: 74 risks under these headings, as written.14

  • Risks Related to Our Financial Position and Need for Capital
  • Risks Related to the Discovery and Development of Our Current and Future Product Candidates
  • Risks Related to Our Dependence on Third Parties
  • Risks Related to Commercialization of Avexitide, AMX0035 or Future Product Candidates
  • Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property
  • Risks Related to Our Business Operations and Employee Matters
  • Risks Related to Our Common Stock
  • We have ceased marketing and selling our previous commercial product in the U.S. and Canada and will therefore not continue to generate revenue from this product for the treatment of ALS. We expect to generate significant losses for the foreseeable future.
  • We will not return to profitability unless and until we successfully commercialize any of our current or future product candidates.
  • Our quarterly and annual operating results may fluctuate in the future. As a result, we may fail to meet or exceed the expectations of research analysts or investors, which could cause our stock price to decline and negatively impact our financing or funding ability, as well as negatively impact our ability to exist as a standalone company.
  • We expect we will require substantial additional funding in the future to meet our financial needs and to pursue our business objectives. If we are unable to obtain funding if and when needed, we could be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate our product discovery and development activities or commercialization efforts.
  • Raising additional capital may cause dilution to our stockholders, restrict our operations or require us to relinquish rights to our technologies or product candidates.
The other 68 risks
  • Changes in tax law could adversely affect our business and financial condition.
  • Adverse developments affecting the financial services industry, such as actual events or concerns involving liquidity, defaults or non-performance by financial institutions or transactional counterparties, could adversely affect our current and projected business operations and our financial condition and results of operations.
  • We currently depend heavily on the success of avexitide, our most advanced product candidate, and AMX0035. If we are unable to successfully complete late-stage trials, obtain regulatory approvals for, and successfully commercialize, avexitide and/or AMX0035, or experience significant delays in doing so, our business may be materially harmed.
  • The delay or denial of regulatory approval for any of our current or any future product candidates in any jurisdiction could adversely impact our business and our results of operations, and could cause us to delay or even cease operations.
  • AMX0035 is a fixed-dose combination drug product and certain regulatory authorities may require a demonstration that each component makes a contribution to the claimed effects in addition to demonstrating that the combination is safe and effective for the intended population.
  • We have historically concentrated our research and development efforts on the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, a field that has seen very limited success in product development, and have only recently further expanded upon our existing development efforts in the endocrine and metabolic field, an area in which we have limited experience in drug development.
  • The regulatory approval processes of the FDA and other comparable foreign authorities are lengthy, time-consuming and inherently unpredictable, and if we are ultimately unable to obtain regulatory approval for our current or any future product candidates, our business will be substantially harmed.
  • We may incur unexpected costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development of avexitide, AMX0035, AMX0114, AMX0318 or any other current or future product candidates.
  • Even if we complete the necessary preclinical studies and clinical trials, the marketing approval process is expensive, time-consuming and uncertain and may prevent us or any future collaboration partners from obtaining or maintaining approvals for the commercialization of our current or any future product candidate we develop.
  • The results of early-stage clinical trials and preclinical studies may not be predictive of future results. Initial or preliminary data in our clinical trials may not be indicative of results obtained when these trials are completed or in later stage trials.
  • Interim topline and preliminary data from our clinical trials that we announce or publish from time to time may change as more patient data become available and are subject to audit and verification procedures that could result in material changes in the final data.
  • Enrollment and retention of patients in clinical trials is an expensive and time-consuming process and could be made more difficult or rendered impossible by multiple factors outside our control.
  • Changes in methods of product candidate manufacturing or formulation may result in additional costs or delay.
  • Our product candidates require specific shipping, storage, handling and administration, which in some cases, may require cold-chain logistics and subject our product candidates to risk of loss or damage if failures occur.
  • Avexitide, AMX0035, AMX0114, AMX0318 or any future product candidate may cause undesirable side effects or have other properties that could delay or prevent its regulatory approval, limit the commercial profile of an approved label, or result in significant negative consequences following regulatory approval, if obtained.
  • Demand for expanded access to AMX0035 could negatively affect our reputation and harm our business.
  • If we fail to develop and commercialize avexitide or AMX0035 for additional indications or fail to discover, develop or acquire and commercialize other product candidates, we may be unable to grow our business and our ability to achieve our strategic objectives would be impaired.
  • We may not be successful in our efforts to expand our pipeline by identifying additional product candidates or indications and modifications for which to investigate avexitide, AMX0035, AMX0114, or AMX0318 in the future. We may expend our limited resources to pursue particular product candidates or indications or formulations for avexitide, AMX0035, AMX0114, AMX0318 and fail to capitalize on such product candidates or indications or formulations of avexitide, AMX0035, AMX0114, or AMX0318 that may be more profitable or for which there is a greater likelihood of success.
  • Competitive products may reduce or eliminate the commercial opportunity for avexitide or AMX0035 for our intended indications. If our competitors develop technologies or product candidates more rapidly than we do, or their technologies or product candidates are more effective or safer than ours, our ability to develop and successfully commercialize avexitide or AMX0035 may be adversely affected.
  • Obtaining and maintaining regulatory approval of avexitide, AMX0035 or any future product candidates in one jurisdiction does not mean that we will be successful in obtaining regulatory approval of those product candidates in other jurisdictions.
  • Even though we have obtained orphan drug designation for AMX0035 for the treatment of Wolfram syndrome and for avexitide for the treatment of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (which includes PBH and Congenital HI) in the U.S. and for Congenital HI in the EU by the EMA, we may not be able to obtain or maintain the benefits associated with orphan drug status, including market exclusivity.
  • We may pursue Orphan Drug Designation for avexitide or AMX0035 for the treatment of additional indications. The incidence and prevalence of the target patient populations for these indications will be based on our estimates and third-party data. If the market opportunity for these target populations is larger than we estimate, we may be unable to receive Orphan Drug Designation. Additionally, if Orphan Drug Designation is granted, we may be unable to maintain any benefits associated with Orphan Drug Designation, including market exclusivity.
  • We may pursue Priority Review Designation for product candidates that we may develop, but we might not receive such designations, and Priority Review Designations may not lead to a faster development or regulatory review or approval process.
  • We have received and may in the future seek Fast Track Designation by the FDA for a product candidate that we develop, and we may be unsuccessful. If we are successful, the designation may not actually lead to a faster development or regulatory review or approval process.
  • Avexitide has been granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation for PBH and Congenital HI and we may seek Breakthrough Therapy Designation by the FDA for additional product candidates that we may develop, and we may be unsuccessful. If we are successful, the designation may not lead to a faster development or regulatory review or approval process, and it does not increase the likelihood that our product candidates will receive marketing approval, nor does such designation for avexitide guarantee a faster review process or marketing approval.
  • The FDA has granted rare pediatric disease designation to avexitide for the treatment of Congenital HI. However, a marketing application for avexitide or any other product candidate, if approved, may not meet the eligibility criteria for a priority review voucher.
  • Product liability lawsuits against us or any of our future collaborators could divert our resources and attention, cause us to incur substantial liabilities and limit commercialization of avexitide, AMX0035 or any other current or future product candidates.
  • Even if we, or any future collaborators, obtain and maintain regulatory approvals for avexitide, AMX0035 or any other current or future product candidate, the terms of approvals and ongoing regulation of our products may limit how we manufacture and market our products, which could impair our ability to generate revenue.
  • Laws and regulations governing any international operations we expect to have in the future may preclude us from developing, manufacturing and selling certain products outside of the U.S. and will require us to develop and implement costly compliance programs.
  • If we fail to comply with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, we could become subject to fines or penalties or incur costs that could harm our business.
  • We rely on third parties to assist in conducting our clinical trials. If they do not perform satisfactorily, we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval or successfully commercialize avexitide, AMX0035 or any other current or future product candidates, or such approval or commercialization may be delayed, and our business could be substantially harmed.
  • We may seek to establish additional collaborations and if we are not able to establish and maintain them on commercially reasonable terms, we may have to alter our development and future commercialization plans.
  • We have entered and may in the future enter into collaborations with third parties for the development and commercialization of avexitide, AMX0035, AMX0114, AMX0318 or any other current or future product candidates, and our prospects with respect to avexitide, AMX0035, AMX0114, AMX0318 and our other current or future product candidates will depend in significant part on the success of those collaborations.
  • Our use of third parties to manufacture avexitide or AMX0035 in compliance with cGMP may increase the risk that we will not have sufficient cGMP-compliant quantities of avexitide or AMX0035 or necessary quantities of such materials on time or at an acceptable cost.
  • We may need to maintain licenses for active ingredients from third parties to develop and commercialize avexitide, AMX0035 or a future product candidate, which could increase our development costs and delay our ability to commercialize such product candidate.
  • The markets for avexitide for PBH, and Congenital HI, for AMX0035 for Wolfram syndrome and other neurodegenerative diseases, and for any other product candidates we are currently developing or may in the future develop or acquire may be smaller than we expect.
  • If we are unable in the future to expand our sales, marketing, manufacturing and distribution capabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell avexitide, AMX0035 or other current or future product candidates for which we obtain marketing approval, we will be unable to generate any additional product revenue.
  • Even if any current or future product candidate of ours receives regulatory approval, it may fail to maintain the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, third-party payors and others in the medical community necessary for continued commercial success or to remain profitable.
  • If we fail to obtain coverage and reimbursement for avexitide, AMX0035 or any other current or future product candidates in new geographies, it could make it difficult for us to sell avexitide, AMX0035 or any other current or future product candidates profitably.
  • Ongoing healthcare legislative and regulatory reform measures may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
  • Governments outside the U.S. may impose strict price controls, which may adversely affect our revenues, if any.
  • Our relationships with healthcare providers, physicians, patients and third-party payors may be subject to applicable anti-kickback, fraud and abuse and other healthcare laws and regulations, which could expose us to criminal sanctions, civil penalties, contractual damages, reputational harm and diminished profits and future earnings.
  • If we fail to comply with our reporting and payment obligations under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program or other governmental pricing programs, we could be subject to additional reimbursement requirements, penalties, sanctions and fines, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
  • Compliance with global privacy and data security requirements could result in additional costs and liabilities to us or inhibit our ability to collect and process data globally, and the failure to comply with such requirements could subject us to significant fines and penalties, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
  • Our use of new and evolving technologies, including artificial intelligence, presents risks and challenges that can impact our business including by posing cybersecurity and other risks to our confidential information, proprietary information, and personal data.
  • Our commercial success depends on our ability to protect our intellectual property and proprietary technology.
  • We, or any current or future partners, collaborators, or licensees, may fail to identify patentable aspects of inventions made in the course of development and commercialization activities before it is too late to obtain patent protection on them. Therefore, we may miss potential opportunities to strengthen our patent position.
  • It is difficult and costly to protect our intellectual property and our proprietary technologies, and we may not be able to ensure their protection.
  • If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our trade secrets, the value of our technology could be materially adversely affected and our business would be harmed.
  • Patent terms and market exclusivities, if obtained, may be inadequate to protect our competitive position on our products for an adequate amount of time.
  • Changes in the interpretation of patent law in the U.S. and other jurisdictions could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products.
  • We may not be able to enforce our intellectual property rights throughout the world.
  • Others may challenge inventorship or claim an ownership interest in our intellectual property which could expose it to litigation and have a significant adverse effect on its prospects.
  • If we are sued for infringing intellectual property rights of third parties, such litigation could be costly and time consuming and could prevent or delay us from developing or commercializing avexitide, AMX0035, AMX0114, or any other current or future product candidates.
  • We may be subject to claims by third parties asserting that our employees or we have misappropriated their intellectual property, or claiming ownership of what we regard as our own intellectual property.
  • If our trademarks and trade names are not adequately protected, then we may not be able to build name recognition in our trademarks and our business may be adversely affected.
  • Intellectual property rights do not necessarily address all potential threats to our business.
  • Our reliance on third parties for research and development and manufacturing requires us to share our trade secrets, which increases the possibility that our trade secrets will be misappropriated or disclosed, and confidentiality agreements with employees and third parties may not adequately prevent disclosure of trade secrets and protect other proprietary information.
  • We may need to acquire or license intellectual property from third parties, and such licenses may not be available or may not be available on commercially reasonable terms.
  • We are continuously evaluating and pursuing strategic transactions, and cannot guarantee that our previous or future strategic transactions, acquisitions or business combinations pursued to further our mission to improve our underlying business performance will, in fact, produce any benefits.
  • Inadequate funding for the FDA, the SEC, the National Institutes of Health, or NIH, and other government agencies, including from government shutdowns, or other disruptions to these agencies’ staffing and operations, could hinder their ability to hire and retain key leadership and other personnel, prevent new products and services from being developed or commercialized in a timely manner or otherwise prevent those agencies from performing normal business functions on which the operation of our business may rely, which could negatively impact our business.
  • The U.S. Congress, the Trump administration, or any new administration may make substantial changes to fiscal, tax, and other federal policies that may adversely affect our business.
  • We depend heavily on our executive officers, principal consultants and others, and the loss of their services would materially harm our business.
  • We only have a limited number of employees to manage and operate our business.
  • Our employees, independent contractors, consultants, collaborators and CROs may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including non-compliance with regulatory standards and requirements, which could cause significant liability for us and harm our reputation.
  • We are currently operating in a period of economic uncertainty, which has been significantly impacted by geopolitical instability, ongoing military conflicts, including the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine, ongoing conflicts in the Middle East, the evolving regulatory activities and policy changes under the current U.S. government, events related thereto, and changes in inflation and interest rates, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
  • The price of our stock may be volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
  • Unfavorable macroeconomic conditions or market volatility resulting from national or global economic conditions, including those affecting the financial services industry, could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Legal proceedings

On February 9, 2024, a putative class action lawsuit was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against us and certain of our current and former officers (Shih v. Amylyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., et al., Case Number 1:24-CV-00988, or the Shih Complaint). Plaintiff filed an amended complaint on June 24, 2024. The Shih Complaint asserts a claim against all defendants for alleged violations of Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder and a claim under Section 20(a) against certain current and former officers as alleged controlling persons. The Shih Complaint alleges that defendants made materially false and misleading statements related to the commercial results and prospects for RELYVRIO. The Shih Complaint seeks unspecified damages, interest, costs and attorneys’ fees, and other unspecified relief that the court deems appropriate. On August 12, 2024, the case was transferred from the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York to the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts, or the Court, and assigned docket number 1:24-CV-12068. Following the transfer, on September 6, 2024, defendants moved to dismiss the Shih Complaint. On September 30, 2025, the Court issued an order finding that the majority of the alleged misstatements are inactionable, but ultimately denied the motion to dismiss. The Company filed an answer on October 30, 2025. The parties have agreed to participate in a confidential mediation, currently scheduled for March 12, 2026, in an attempt to resolve this action, and will provide a status update to the court by April 12, 2026.

The opening of Item 3, Legal Proceedings.14

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