Private company

Association for Computing Machinery

Logo: Association for Computing Machinery, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons3

International Society for Computing

The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) is an international learned society for computing founded on September 15, 1947, and headquartered in New York City. The ACM is a non-profit professional membership group, reporting nearly 110,000 student and professional members as of 2024. The ACM is an umbrella organization for academic and scholarly interests in computer science (informatics).2 Its revenue was $91.1 million in 2023.1 Wikipedia text CC BY-SA 4.0

Last updated Oct 21, 2026.

Overview

Sep 15, 1947Founded1
  • HeadquartersNew York City1
  • Websitewww.acm.org
  • Legal form501(c) organization1

The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) is an international learned society for computing founded on September 15, 1947, and headquartered in New York City. The ACM is a non-profit professional membership group, reporting nearly 110,000 student and professional members as of 2024.2

Corporate structure

Association for Computing Machinery sits at the top of its group. 3 entities, 1 country on record. Switch between the flow chart and the network, and select any entity to see its details.

  • Association for Computing Machinery New York City
    • SIGSPATIAL Subsidiary
    • Special Interest Group on Security, Audit and Control Subsidiary

Built from subsidiaries, stakes and holdings from Wikidata (CC0); major holders from Schedules 13D and 13G. Each entity in the chart links to its source.

The story

In 1947, a notice was sent to various people:

On January 10, 1947, at the Symposium on Large-Scale Digital Calculating Machinery at the Harvard computation Laboratory, Professor Samuel H. Caldwell of Massachusetts Institute of Technology spoke of the need for an association of those interested in computing machinery, and of the need for communication between them.

[...]

After making some inquiries during May and June, we believe there is ample interest to start an informal association of many of those interested in the new machinery for computing and reasoning. Since there has to be a beginning, we are acting as a temporary committee to start such an association:

E. C. Berkeley, Prudential Insurance Co. of America, Newark, N. J.

R. V. D. Campbell, Raytheon Manufacturing Co., Waltham, Mass.

John H. Curtiss, Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.

H. E. Goheen, Office of Naval Research, Boston, Mass.

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J. W. Mauchly, Electronic Control Co., Philadelphia, Pa.

T. K. Sharpless, Moore School of Elec. Eng., Philadelphia, Pa.

R. Taylor, Mass. Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, Mass.

C. B. Tompkins, Engineering Research Associates, Washington, D.C.

The committee (except for Curtiss) had gained experience with computers during World War II: Berkeley, Campbell, and Goheen helped build Harvard Mark I under Howard H. Aiken, Mauchly and Sharpless were involved in building ENIAC, Tompkins had used "the secret Navy code-breaking machines", and Taylor had worked on Bush's Differential analyzers.

The ACM was then founded on September 15, 1947, under the name Eastern Association for Computing Machinery, which was changed the following year to the Association for Computing Machinery. The ACM History Committee since 2016 has published the A.M.Turing Oral History project, the ACM Key Award Winners Video Series, and the India Industry Leaders Video project.

From Wikipedia’s article on Association for Computing Machinery, shared under CC BY-SA 4.0.4

Leadership

Who has led Association for Computing Machinery, and when. Pick a name to see everywhere that person has worked.

Board members and other officers (1)

Products and brands

Publications

ACM publishes over 50 journals, such as the Journal of the ACM which academic citation metrics rank among the top computer science publications, and two general magazines for computer professionals, Communications of the ACM (also known as Communications or CACM) and Queue.

Other publications of the ACM include:

ACM XRDS, formerly "Crossroads", was redesigned in 2010 and is the most popular student computing magazine in the US.

ACM Interactions, an interdisciplinary HCI publication focused on the connections between experiences, people and technology, and the third largest ACM publication.

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ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)

Computers in Entertainment (CIE)

ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems (JETC)

ACM Special Interest Group: Computers and Society (SIGCAS)

A number of journals, specific to subfields of computer science, titled ACM Transactions. Some of the more notable transactions include:

ACM Transactions on Algorithms (TALG)

ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)

ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)

IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics now published through the IEEE and entitled IEEE Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (TCBB)

ACM Transactions on Computational Logic (TOCL)

ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)

ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)

ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)

ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS)

ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMM)

IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)

ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)

ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM)

Games: Research and Practice

Communications transitioned from publishing primary research to focusing on broader industry perspectives. The publication has featured significant discussions and developments in computing history.

ACM has made almost all of its publications available to paid subscribers online at its Digital Library and also has a Guide to Computing Literature. ACM also offers insurance, online courses, and other services to its members.

In 1997, ACM Press published Wizards and Their Wonders: Portraits in Computing (ISBN 0897919602), written by Christopher Morgan, with new photographs by Louis Fabian Bachrach. The book is a collection of historic and current portrait photographs of figures from the computer industry.

Portal and Digital Library

The ACM Portal is an online service of the ACM. Its core are two main sections: ACM Digital Library and the ACM Guide to Computing Literature.

The ACM Digital Library was launched in October 1997. It is the full-text collection of all articles published by the ACM in its articles, magazines and conference proceedings. The Guide is a bibliography in computing with over one million entries. The ACM Digital Library contains a comprehensive archive starting in the 1950s of the organization's journals, magazines, newsletters and conference proceedings. Online services include a forum called Ubiquity and Tech News digest. There is an extensive underlying bibliographic database containing key works of all genres from all major publishers of computing literature. This secondary database is a rich discovery service known as The ACM Guide to Computing Literature.

ACM adopted a hybrid Open Access (OA) publishing model in 2013. Authors who do not choose to pay the OA fee must grant ACM publishing rights by either a copyright transfer agreement or a publishing license agreement.

ACM was a "green" publisher before the term was invented. Authors may post documents on their own websites and in their institutional repositories with a link back to the ACM Digital Library's permanently maintained Version of Record.

All metadata in the Digital Library is open to the world, including abstracts, linked references and citing works, citation and usage statistics, as well as all functionality and services. Other than the free articles, the full-texts are accessed by subscription. In addition, starting on April 7, 2022, ACM made its publications from 1951 to 2000 open access through the Digital Library in celebration of the 75th anniversary of the organization's founding.

In 2020, ACM launched a major push to become a fully open access publisher by 2026. ACM restructured its pricing for the ACM Digital Library on the basis of publishing activity by affiliated lead authors in ACM's journals, magazines, and conference proceedings. Under this model, termed "ACM Open", institutions pay set fees for full access to ACM Digital Library contents as well as unlimited open access publishing by their affiliated authors. Authors not affiliated with a participating institution will be expected to pay an article processing charge. As of May 2024, ACM reported that more than 1,340 institutions worldwide had signed on for ACM Open, putting ACM at just over halfway to meeting its target of 2,500 participating institutions by 2026.

From Wikipedia’s article on Association for Computing Machinery, shared under CC BY-SA 4.0.4

Subsidiaries and ownership

Subsidiaries

  • SIGSPATIAL
  • Special Interest Group on Security, Audit and Control

From Wikidata.1

Revenue over time

As stated on Wikidata, in the currency reported.

Revenue

Association for Computing Machinery revenue by year1$91.1M in 2023+37% since 2014
0$25.0M$50.0M$75.0M$100.0M2014: $66.7M$66.7M20142015: $70.2M$70.2M2015+5%2016: $67.7M$67.7M2016−4%2017: $70.1M$70.1M2017+4%2018: $83.5M$83.5M2018+19%2019: $83.9M$83.9M2019+0%2021: $56.9M$56.9M2021−32%2022: $66.0M$66.0M2022+16%2023: $91.1M$91.1M2023+38%
  • 2023$91.1M1
  • 2022$66.0M1
  • 2021$56.9M1
  • 2019$83.9M1
  • 2018$83.5M1
  • 2017$70.1M1

Timeline

  1. Sep 15, 1947Founded Founded1

Funding

Where the company's money came from, by calendar year: private offerings filed with the SEC, federal grants, loans, contracts and other assistance from USAspending.gov, and PPP loans from the SBA. Each bar links to the records below.

Money received by year$1.5M 2020–2020
Money received by yearMoney received by year, 2020–2020: $1.5M in all. PPP loans $1.5M.$0$500K$1M$1.5M2020 · PPP loans: $1.5M2020
Figures by year
YearPPP loansTotal
2020$1.5M$1.5M

PPP loans

Paycheck Protection Program loans of $150,000 and up, approved April 2020 to July 2021, from the SBA5. Matched to this company by name and state.

  1. Jun 9, 2020$1.5M PPP loan (first draw) from WebBank5To ASSOCIATION FOR COMPUTING MACHINERY, INC., New York NY; $1.5M forgiven Dec 15, 2020